Here’s the resources: http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
These are still early days for cloud storage, but we've already gleaned valuable best practices from administrators and other experts for getting the most from a move to the cloud, whether you're looking to do it today or down the road:
Best practice #1: Scrutinize service-level agreements
Proceed with caution when it comes to getting a service-level agreement (SLA) from a cloud provider. That means read the SLA closely before committing.
"There are a few major providers offering SLAs that are very vague about things like guaranteed recovery and assured destruction of data," Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) storage architect Michael Passe said at a Storage Decisions session last year. "You want to look behind the wizard's curtain to see what is really there."
Lauren Whitehouse, a senior analyst at Milford, Mass.-based Enterprise Strategy Group (ESG), said data access is one area that bears close examination in an SLA.
"Generally, SLAs have to do with access to the service, not to data," she said. "Generally, the service has to be down more than 10 minutes before it's considered an outage, so two nine-minute outages in an hour don't count as an outage. If there's an outage of the service, they just adjust the bill -- that's the kind of game that gets played. You have to ask, 'What about access to data?'"
Best practice #2: Follow your business needs
Lantmännen, a collective owned by 40,000 Swedish farmers, saved more than $6 million in the first year after building an internal private cloud with EMC Corp. storage and Riverbed Technology WAFS devices, said Dennis Jansson, Lantmännen's chief security officer.
Jansson said users choose what type of application they need through a web interface, and each service has a fee, SLA and integrated enterprise security management application.
"We're able to actually follow business needs," Jansson said of the cloud. "It doesn't make decisions on applications the users need."
He called the cloud "an easier way to say consolidation, virtualization and standardization."
Best practice #3: Repurpose your own resources
Online advertising sales rep firm Gorilla Nation Media LLC built an external customer-facing cloud and an internal cloud for employees by using servers it already owned along with cloud vendor ParaScale Inc.'s Hyper-scale Storage Cloud software to build an object-based clustered NAS system for unstructured data. Alex Godelman, vice president of technology at Gorilla Nation, said the cloud replaced a more expensive NAS setup.
"To grow the internal cloud, we just add more nodes," he said. "The design of the system is also very simple -- we just kind of use it. And it allows us to breathe some life into a huge existing investment, which means we created the system virtually for free."
Best practice #4: Prepare for the future
Even if you're not ready for the cloud now -- or the cloud's not ready for you -- start thinking about how it may help you down the road.
Charles Shepard, director of systems architecture at the MGM Mirage in Las Vegas, said he will consider an external private cloud when technology advances make it feasible.
"When Fibre Channel over Ethernet [FCoE] becomes completely adaptable and adopted over the next five years, and when it is completely standardized, that is the pathway to develop a full cloud outside our data center," he said. "If you have a big enough pipe, like 10 Gigabit Ethernet [10 GbE] or even 100 [Gigabit] Ethernet, you might be able to take a database and write from it to the cloud."
He said FCoE would be well suited to multitenancy, which is a crucial component of the cloud.
"It inherently subsegments networks for internal and external multitenant environments," he said.
Best practice #5: Beware of hidden costs
Cloud storage providers will tell you the basic cost per gigabyte of cloud storage up front to help you figure out how much it will cost you per month depending on the amount of data you need to store. But these basic costs are only part of the picture, and providers may also charge extra for data transfers, metadata functions, or copying and deleting files. And don't forget the costs of connecting to the cloud, perhaps with a T1 line.
For more news, please access http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
2010年3月19日星期五
Patch for Microsoft Virtual PC weakness unlikely
Here’s the resources: http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
Microsoft is dismissing weaknesses discovered in its Virtual PC software that enable an attacker to bypass Windows security features and exploit common vulnerabilities in applications.
A Microsoft spokesperson said Wednesday that it has no immediate plans to address a Virtual PC hypervisor memory protection vulnerability discovered by an exploit writer at Core Security Technologies Inc.
"As the behavior described in Core's Advisory simply calls out a way for an attacker to more easily exploit security vulnerabilities that must already be present on the system vs. a new, standalone vulnerability, we have no plans to alter the Windows Virtual PC environment," the spokesperson wrote in an email message. "Microsoft is of course always evaluating ways to strengthen security mitigations present in its software and may choose to integrate them when they reach a sufficient level of quality and offer value to our customers."
Users of Windows 7 can use Virtual PC technology in XP mode to run applications that aren't compatible with Windows 7. The memory allocation error makes coding flaws, which normally would cause an application to terminate on physical machines, into exploitable vulnerabilities, said Ivan Arce, chief technology officer of Boston-based Core Security Technologies Inc.
Arce said the vulnerability enables an attacker to bypass Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Safe Exception Handlers (SafeSEH) and Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) security features used in Windows systems to prevent malicious code from executing in the Windows kernel. He was unavailable to respond to Microsoft's response to the issue.
The Microsoft spokesperson said only applications running inside a guest virtual machine are at risk. Users of Virtual PC should follow common security practices, including making sure a firewall is enabled, antivirus software is installed and up to date and all software has been updated with the latest security patches.
"An attacker could not take over a whole host machine running multiple virtual machines. The safeguards within Windows 7 on the desktop OS (DEP, ASLR, and SafeSEH etc.) remain in place," the Microsoft spokesperson said.
In a blog entry issued earlier this week, Microsoft's Paul Cooke, a director in the Windows Client group, stopped short of calling the Virtual PC issue a vulnerability.
"The functionality that Core calls out is not an actual vulnerability per se," Cooke wrote. "The protection mechanisms that are present in the Windows kernel are rendered less effective inside of a virtual machine as opposed to a physical machine. There is no vulnerability introduced, just a loss of certain security protection mechanisms."
For more news, please access http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Microsoft is dismissing weaknesses discovered in its Virtual PC software that enable an attacker to bypass Windows security features and exploit common vulnerabilities in applications.
A Microsoft spokesperson said Wednesday that it has no immediate plans to address a Virtual PC hypervisor memory protection vulnerability discovered by an exploit writer at Core Security Technologies Inc.
"As the behavior described in Core's Advisory simply calls out a way for an attacker to more easily exploit security vulnerabilities that must already be present on the system vs. a new, standalone vulnerability, we have no plans to alter the Windows Virtual PC environment," the spokesperson wrote in an email message. "Microsoft is of course always evaluating ways to strengthen security mitigations present in its software and may choose to integrate them when they reach a sufficient level of quality and offer value to our customers."
Users of Windows 7 can use Virtual PC technology in XP mode to run applications that aren't compatible with Windows 7. The memory allocation error makes coding flaws, which normally would cause an application to terminate on physical machines, into exploitable vulnerabilities, said Ivan Arce, chief technology officer of Boston-based Core Security Technologies Inc.
Arce said the vulnerability enables an attacker to bypass Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Safe Exception Handlers (SafeSEH) and Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) security features used in Windows systems to prevent malicious code from executing in the Windows kernel. He was unavailable to respond to Microsoft's response to the issue.
The Microsoft spokesperson said only applications running inside a guest virtual machine are at risk. Users of Virtual PC should follow common security practices, including making sure a firewall is enabled, antivirus software is installed and up to date and all software has been updated with the latest security patches.
"An attacker could not take over a whole host machine running multiple virtual machines. The safeguards within Windows 7 on the desktop OS (DEP, ASLR, and SafeSEH etc.) remain in place," the Microsoft spokesperson said.
In a blog entry issued earlier this week, Microsoft's Paul Cooke, a director in the Windows Client group, stopped short of calling the Virtual PC issue a vulnerability.
"The functionality that Core calls out is not an actual vulnerability per se," Cooke wrote. "The protection mechanisms that are present in the Windows kernel are rendered less effective inside of a virtual machine as opposed to a physical machine. There is no vulnerability introduced, just a loss of certain security protection mechanisms."
For more news, please access http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Scaling SQL Server 2008 performance and efficiency
Here’s the resources: http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
Two goals of SQL Server 2008 were to increase scalability and deliver predictable performance. To squeeze maximum scalability from SQL Server 2008, Microsoft added the following features:
• Resource Governor
• Management Data Warehouse
• Policy-based management
• Increased hardware support
Resource Governor
Resource Governor is a feature introduced in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise and Developer Editions. It was designed to deliver predictable performance across a SQL Server instance. It allows you to scale the number of databases, applications and users that SQL supports. This capability prevents one query from consuming SQL Server resources and degrading all other processes running on that server.
You can also throttle the amount of CPU and memory that a group of processes will consume. For example, if you are using backup compression in SQL Server 2008, you may want to limit the amount of CPU consumed during the backup process so that other jobs running during that time don't experience CPU contention or performance degradation.
Resource Governor is configured by identifying processes at login using a login name, host name or application name. The processes then run in a resource group. More than one resource group runs within a resource pool. You can limit a resource pool's minimum and maximum CPU and memory, which limits the processes when the SQL Server is low on CPU or memory.
Other high-priority tasks can be directed to a resource pool with larger amounts of CPU and memory dedicated to it. Consequently, when running in conjunction with workloads in different resource pools with fewer resources, the tasks won't suffer from performance degradation.
What does this mean for a DBA? Overall, it means predictable performance—essential tasks can be configured with the necessary resources to complete a task with little resource contention. DBAs can prioritize workloads, and nonessential reporting tasks will then operate in the background without contending essential processes. SQL Server 2008 also supports more workloads simultaneously and allows more databases to be consolidated on a single SQL Server That way, DBAs can scale up to support more users without having to invest in additional hardware or machines.
Management Data Warehouse
SQL Server 2008's Management Data Warehouse feature lets you collect performance statistics on one or more SQL servers. You can then store and aggregate the information for reporting and analysis to quickly obtain metrics from SQL Servers to understand why they're underperforming or how performance patterns are changing over time.
DBAs can perform forensics on transient performance problems or determine why a query executed incorrectly one day and worked fine the next. They can also see which servers are underutilized and which ones are underpowered. With the Management Data Warehouse feature, DBAs can understand why a machine is underperforming and know how to fix it.
The Management Data Warehouse feature is only available in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition.
Policy-based management
Not following best practices is one of the biggest factors limiting SQL Server scalability. Storing database log files and data files on the same drive will cause I/O contention and limit the scalability of all applications that access that SQL Server.
With policy-based management, you can configure a set of policies to ensure that all SQL Server instances adhere to a set of best practices. You can configure policy-based management to deny any change to a stored procedure, table, function, database and so on that would make it fall out of compliance. You can also configure policy-based management to report on SQL servers that no longer follow best practices or company standards.
Increased hardware support
SQL Server 2008 now supports Hot Add Memory and CPU, Non Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA) as well as the ability to host 50 SQL Server instances on a single machine. By hosting 50 SQL Server instances on a single machine you only need one license for Windows and one SQL Server 2008 Enterprise license. This will pay dividends compared to virtualization, where you would need to purchase licenses for the hypervisor, SQL Server and Windows for each virtual instance.
For more news, please access http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Two goals of SQL Server 2008 were to increase scalability and deliver predictable performance. To squeeze maximum scalability from SQL Server 2008, Microsoft added the following features:
• Resource Governor
• Management Data Warehouse
• Policy-based management
• Increased hardware support
Resource Governor
Resource Governor is a feature introduced in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise and Developer Editions. It was designed to deliver predictable performance across a SQL Server instance. It allows you to scale the number of databases, applications and users that SQL supports. This capability prevents one query from consuming SQL Server resources and degrading all other processes running on that server.
You can also throttle the amount of CPU and memory that a group of processes will consume. For example, if you are using backup compression in SQL Server 2008, you may want to limit the amount of CPU consumed during the backup process so that other jobs running during that time don't experience CPU contention or performance degradation.
Resource Governor is configured by identifying processes at login using a login name, host name or application name. The processes then run in a resource group. More than one resource group runs within a resource pool. You can limit a resource pool's minimum and maximum CPU and memory, which limits the processes when the SQL Server is low on CPU or memory.
Other high-priority tasks can be directed to a resource pool with larger amounts of CPU and memory dedicated to it. Consequently, when running in conjunction with workloads in different resource pools with fewer resources, the tasks won't suffer from performance degradation.
What does this mean for a DBA? Overall, it means predictable performance—essential tasks can be configured with the necessary resources to complete a task with little resource contention. DBAs can prioritize workloads, and nonessential reporting tasks will then operate in the background without contending essential processes. SQL Server 2008 also supports more workloads simultaneously and allows more databases to be consolidated on a single SQL Server That way, DBAs can scale up to support more users without having to invest in additional hardware or machines.
Management Data Warehouse
SQL Server 2008's Management Data Warehouse feature lets you collect performance statistics on one or more SQL servers. You can then store and aggregate the information for reporting and analysis to quickly obtain metrics from SQL Servers to understand why they're underperforming or how performance patterns are changing over time.
DBAs can perform forensics on transient performance problems or determine why a query executed incorrectly one day and worked fine the next. They can also see which servers are underutilized and which ones are underpowered. With the Management Data Warehouse feature, DBAs can understand why a machine is underperforming and know how to fix it.
The Management Data Warehouse feature is only available in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition.
Policy-based management
Not following best practices is one of the biggest factors limiting SQL Server scalability. Storing database log files and data files on the same drive will cause I/O contention and limit the scalability of all applications that access that SQL Server.
With policy-based management, you can configure a set of policies to ensure that all SQL Server instances adhere to a set of best practices. You can configure policy-based management to deny any change to a stored procedure, table, function, database and so on that would make it fall out of compliance. You can also configure policy-based management to report on SQL servers that no longer follow best practices or company standards.
Increased hardware support
SQL Server 2008 now supports Hot Add Memory and CPU, Non Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA) as well as the ability to host 50 SQL Server instances on a single machine. By hosting 50 SQL Server instances on a single machine you only need one license for Windows and one SQL Server 2008 Enterprise license. This will pay dividends compared to virtualization, where you would need to purchase licenses for the hypervisor, SQL Server and Windows for each virtual instance.
For more news, please access http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
2010年3月11日星期四
Researcher publishes exploit for new IE hole
http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
An Israeli security researcher has published exploit code for an unpatched hole in Internet Explorer that Microsoft disclosed two days ago.
Microsoft had warned in an advisory that a new vulnerability in IE 6 and IE 7, which could allow an attacker to take control of a computer, had been targeted in attacks.
Releasing the exploit code publicly increases the chances of attacks on the zero-day hole and could pressure Microsoft to issue a patch before its next scheduled Patch Tuesday in four weeks.
Researcher Moshe Ben Abu announced his work in a blog post on Wednesday and said it was being included in the open-source Metasploit exploit database.
He was able to create the exploit code after figuring out where an existing exploit was in the wild, based on information in a McAfee blog post, he told Ryan Naraine of the Zero Day blog at CNET sister site ZDNet. It took him about 10 minutes to de-obfuscate the exploit and pinpoint the vulnerability, he said.
Ben Abu told CNET that he would have found the original exploit code sooner or later without McAfee's help.
Asked how serious the zero-day hole is, he wrote in an e-mail to CNET: "The exploit covers Internet Explorer versions 6 and 7, which are not the latest version [IE 8] but many users still use it. In addition, the exploit is quite unstable, with about 60 percent to 70 percent success rate. So I guess it is critical, but not for users who update their Windows with the latest IE."
Microsoft's advisory on the vulnerability includes information on workarounds but suggests that IE 6 and IE 7 users upgrade to IE 8 immediately.
A McAfee spokesman said the company would be more careful about the details provided in its blog posts in the future.
"McAfee Labs does not support the release of exploit code, particularly in advance of a security patch being made available. We regularly sanitize blog content to prevent providing information that might assist attackers, while at the same time providing a service to customers and the security community to help improve protection levels," the spokesman said in a statement via e-mail. "The post in question did not contain enough information to directly lead anyone to exploit code. However, we regret that in this unique situation the post did contain details that may have given exploit writers a starting point to hunt for exploit code. Future blog posts will be subject to additional sanitization."
For more news, please accesss http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
An Israeli security researcher has published exploit code for an unpatched hole in Internet Explorer that Microsoft disclosed two days ago.
Microsoft had warned in an advisory that a new vulnerability in IE 6 and IE 7, which could allow an attacker to take control of a computer, had been targeted in attacks.
Releasing the exploit code publicly increases the chances of attacks on the zero-day hole and could pressure Microsoft to issue a patch before its next scheduled Patch Tuesday in four weeks.
Researcher Moshe Ben Abu announced his work in a blog post on Wednesday and said it was being included in the open-source Metasploit exploit database.
He was able to create the exploit code after figuring out where an existing exploit was in the wild, based on information in a McAfee blog post, he told Ryan Naraine of the Zero Day blog at CNET sister site ZDNet. It took him about 10 minutes to de-obfuscate the exploit and pinpoint the vulnerability, he said.
Ben Abu told CNET that he would have found the original exploit code sooner or later without McAfee's help.
Asked how serious the zero-day hole is, he wrote in an e-mail to CNET: "The exploit covers Internet Explorer versions 6 and 7, which are not the latest version [IE 8] but many users still use it. In addition, the exploit is quite unstable, with about 60 percent to 70 percent success rate. So I guess it is critical, but not for users who update their Windows with the latest IE."
Microsoft's advisory on the vulnerability includes information on workarounds but suggests that IE 6 and IE 7 users upgrade to IE 8 immediately.
A McAfee spokesman said the company would be more careful about the details provided in its blog posts in the future.
"McAfee Labs does not support the release of exploit code, particularly in advance of a security patch being made available. We regularly sanitize blog content to prevent providing information that might assist attackers, while at the same time providing a service to customers and the security community to help improve protection levels," the spokesman said in a statement via e-mail. "The post in question did not contain enough information to directly lead anyone to exploit code. However, we regret that in this unique situation the post did contain details that may have given exploit writers a starting point to hunt for exploit code. Future blog posts will be subject to additional sanitization."
For more news, please accesss http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Newly Updated Resources(Win7, IBM, CITRIX, CIW, Microsoft)
http://www.test104.com/en/misc/index.asp
News
Win7 70-680 will be updated soon. Members please delay your Win7 70-680 exam.
IBM 000-100 updated.
CIW 1D0-541 updated.
CITRIX 1Y0-A09 updated.
Microsoft 70-663, 70-683 and 70-662 updated.
Recent Updates:
IBM 000-100 Q&A 96 questions updated. (2010/3/11)
CIW 1D0-541 Q&A 91 questions updated. (2010/3/11)
CITRIX 1Y0-A09 Q&A 96 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-663 Q&A 100 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-683 Q&A 75 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-662 Q&A 147 questions updated. (2010/3/9)
New Demo
SUN SCJP 310-065
CIW 1D0-541
CITRIX 1Y0-A09
Microsoft 70-663
Microsoft 70-683
Microsoft 70-662
For more details, please access http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
News
Win7 70-680 will be updated soon. Members please delay your Win7 70-680 exam.
IBM 000-100 updated.
CIW 1D0-541 updated.
CITRIX 1Y0-A09 updated.
Microsoft 70-663, 70-683 and 70-662 updated.
Recent Updates:
IBM 000-100 Q&A 96 questions updated. (2010/3/11)
CIW 1D0-541 Q&A 91 questions updated. (2010/3/11)
CITRIX 1Y0-A09 Q&A 96 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-663 Q&A 100 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-683 Q&A 75 questions updated. (2010/3/10)
Microsoft 70-662 Q&A 147 questions updated. (2010/3/9)
New Demo
SUN SCJP 310-065
CIW 1D0-541
CITRIX 1Y0-A09
Microsoft 70-663
Microsoft 70-683
Microsoft 70-662
For more details, please access http://www.test104.com/en/misc/all.asp
2010年3月8日星期一
CloudSwitch offers free beta for cloud computing migration
http://www.test104.com/
Looking to migrate to AWS? Contact CloudSwitch
VMware-centric cloud enabler CloudSwitch has announced a tantalizing test program for toe-dippers, CloudSwitch Explorer, which will let users migrate a virtualized application stack (a bunch of servers that work together or one server that does a bunch of stuff) into Amazon Web Services with the click of a mouse.
A free version of the company's existing CloudSwitch Enterprise product, CloudSwitch Explorer will let users migrate up to five virtual machines into Amazon EC2 to see if it's right for them. The move is aimed at enticing enterprises into the cloud, where they will hopefully fall all over themselves to pay CloudSwitch's $25,000 fee for the real deal. "Try before you buy" has got to be enticing for the IT manager who has to re-up on servers, and if we've proved anything yet this year, shiny, enterprise-ready point-and-click cloud tools are popular.
Engine Yard drops subscription fees
Platform as a Service provider Engine Yard is reshuffling its pricing to be more in line with cloud computing's pay-as-you-go ideals.
Previously, users were required to pony up a whopping $25 minimum (OMG) to use Engine Yard's Ruby on Rails environment, plus additional costs more when they used capacity above that purchased with the initial "investment." Product manager Abheek Anand said in a blog post that Engine Yard had cut prices three times in a month and could do so because it didn't have to worry about its own infrastructure costs.
Engine Yard hosts its Ruby service platform on Amazon EC2 instances and sells those to users. Anand said that meant if AWS made it easier or cheaper to use EC2, the effect trickled down.
"[Engine Yard is] taking advantage of Amazon's just-released consolidated billing feature to get reduced costs for these instances," he said.
NYC to consolidate data centers for city IT, go cloud
Rich Miller reports that New York City is planning a massive data center consolidation. He reports that city officials still make unintentional puns, since "cloud computing is being explored at a high level," which is where real clouds are normally found, get it? It's meta.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Looking to migrate to AWS? Contact CloudSwitch
VMware-centric cloud enabler CloudSwitch has announced a tantalizing test program for toe-dippers, CloudSwitch Explorer, which will let users migrate a virtualized application stack (a bunch of servers that work together or one server that does a bunch of stuff) into Amazon Web Services with the click of a mouse.
A free version of the company's existing CloudSwitch Enterprise product, CloudSwitch Explorer will let users migrate up to five virtual machines into Amazon EC2 to see if it's right for them. The move is aimed at enticing enterprises into the cloud, where they will hopefully fall all over themselves to pay CloudSwitch's $25,000 fee for the real deal. "Try before you buy" has got to be enticing for the IT manager who has to re-up on servers, and if we've proved anything yet this year, shiny, enterprise-ready point-and-click cloud tools are popular.
Engine Yard drops subscription fees
Platform as a Service provider Engine Yard is reshuffling its pricing to be more in line with cloud computing's pay-as-you-go ideals.
Previously, users were required to pony up a whopping $25 minimum (OMG) to use Engine Yard's Ruby on Rails environment, plus additional costs more when they used capacity above that purchased with the initial "investment." Product manager Abheek Anand said in a blog post that Engine Yard had cut prices three times in a month and could do so because it didn't have to worry about its own infrastructure costs.
Engine Yard hosts its Ruby service platform on Amazon EC2 instances and sells those to users. Anand said that meant if AWS made it easier or cheaper to use EC2, the effect trickled down.
"[Engine Yard is] taking advantage of Amazon's just-released consolidated billing feature to get reduced costs for these instances," he said.
NYC to consolidate data centers for city IT, go cloud
Rich Miller reports that New York City is planning a massive data center consolidation. He reports that city officials still make unintentional puns, since "cloud computing is being explored at a high level," which is where real clouds are normally found, get it? It's meta.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
IBM's Nehalem EX-based systems to boost x86 server memory capacity
http://www.test104.com/
IBM's new "ex5" architecture for Nehalem EX-based x86 systems will boost server memory capacity to accommodate virtualized data centers, but at least one end user wonders whether it's too much of a good thing.
This week IBM said its System x servers based on Nehalem EX -- which are due out by the end of the month -- will include up to 32 additional dual-inline memory modules (DIMMs). With each DIMM capable of holding up to 16 GB of RAM, that's a total of 512 GB extra of RAM per server, which the company said would probably be twice as much as that offered by the competition.
Its importance, IBM said, is that applications in virtualized environments are often memory-starved, even as the processor provides plenty of power for all to share. IBM plans to roll out these servers over the course of the year.
Another benefit that IBM has touted is the potential to reduce VMware licensing costs, or keep them level, by providing the ability to fit more virtual machines on a chip. Since VMware charges by the socket, if end users can pack more VMs in, they might save on licensing costs. One caveat: End users running VMware vSphere on Nehalem EX may run into higher licensing costs because the chip has eight cores. VMware's multicore pricing and licensing policy states that costs can increase with servrers running on chips with more than six cores.
More server memory capacity; too much of a good thing?
Kenny Coleman, a VMware administrator at a Louisville area nonprofit, said the extra memory capacity seems nice on the surface, but putting more VMs onto fewer sockets could have drawbacks as well. That would mean having to manage a lot more VMs on a single host. "Consolidation ratios would be outrageous," he said.
"Does saving money on licensing make up for the fact that the environment could be less redundant?" Coleman asked. "I guess it depends on how much you like your job. If a host does fail, can you imagine restarting 250 VMs?"
Coleman oversees a relatively small shop that runs VMware ESX on two IBM x3652 rackmount servers. The servers run on Intel Xeon 5530 quad-core, 2.4 GHz Nehalem chips, with 48 GB of RAM and thus far host about 11 virtual machines.
Still, Ideas International Inc. analyst Tony Iams said memory in virtualized environments is valuable.
"If you talk to people who manage virtual machines, you'll find out that memory is one of the most precious resources in many cases," said Iams, who also wrote about the issue. "Most workloads are not CPU-bound. Now they won't be as memory-bound. They'll have the economic benefit of being able to add more virtual machines per server."
IBM currently ranks third in x86 server revenue share behind leaders Hewlett-Packard Co. and Dell Inc., according to the most recent figures from IDC. HP has about 39% share, while Dell and IBM have about 20% each. IBM has gained share, however, and over the past year has increased by 3.5%.
Iams added that no one knows whether IBM's ex5 architecture is truly unique until all the vendors unveil their Nehalem EX-based servers, and IBM has done "something a little differently" by essentially announcing its servers before the chip is officially announced. But in general, Iams said, IBM has tried to add to the industry-standard Intel chipsets on the x86 side.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
IBM's new "ex5" architecture for Nehalem EX-based x86 systems will boost server memory capacity to accommodate virtualized data centers, but at least one end user wonders whether it's too much of a good thing.
This week IBM said its System x servers based on Nehalem EX -- which are due out by the end of the month -- will include up to 32 additional dual-inline memory modules (DIMMs). With each DIMM capable of holding up to 16 GB of RAM, that's a total of 512 GB extra of RAM per server, which the company said would probably be twice as much as that offered by the competition.
Its importance, IBM said, is that applications in virtualized environments are often memory-starved, even as the processor provides plenty of power for all to share. IBM plans to roll out these servers over the course of the year.
Another benefit that IBM has touted is the potential to reduce VMware licensing costs, or keep them level, by providing the ability to fit more virtual machines on a chip. Since VMware charges by the socket, if end users can pack more VMs in, they might save on licensing costs. One caveat: End users running VMware vSphere on Nehalem EX may run into higher licensing costs because the chip has eight cores. VMware's multicore pricing and licensing policy states that costs can increase with servrers running on chips with more than six cores.
More server memory capacity; too much of a good thing?
Kenny Coleman, a VMware administrator at a Louisville area nonprofit, said the extra memory capacity seems nice on the surface, but putting more VMs onto fewer sockets could have drawbacks as well. That would mean having to manage a lot more VMs on a single host. "Consolidation ratios would be outrageous," he said.
"Does saving money on licensing make up for the fact that the environment could be less redundant?" Coleman asked. "I guess it depends on how much you like your job. If a host does fail, can you imagine restarting 250 VMs?"
Coleman oversees a relatively small shop that runs VMware ESX on two IBM x3652 rackmount servers. The servers run on Intel Xeon 5530 quad-core, 2.4 GHz Nehalem chips, with 48 GB of RAM and thus far host about 11 virtual machines.
Still, Ideas International Inc. analyst Tony Iams said memory in virtualized environments is valuable.
"If you talk to people who manage virtual machines, you'll find out that memory is one of the most precious resources in many cases," said Iams, who also wrote about the issue. "Most workloads are not CPU-bound. Now they won't be as memory-bound. They'll have the economic benefit of being able to add more virtual machines per server."
IBM currently ranks third in x86 server revenue share behind leaders Hewlett-Packard Co. and Dell Inc., according to the most recent figures from IDC. HP has about 39% share, while Dell and IBM have about 20% each. IBM has gained share, however, and over the past year has increased by 3.5%.
Iams added that no one knows whether IBM's ex5 architecture is truly unique until all the vendors unveil their Nehalem EX-based servers, and IBM has done "something a little differently" by essentially announcing its servers before the chip is officially announced. But in general, Iams said, IBM has tried to add to the industry-standard Intel chipsets on the x86 side.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Experts laud IPS virtual patching, but warn against misuse
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SAN FRANCISCO -- Security pros at RSA Conference 2010 say that virtual patching can be an effective short-term fix for network vulnerabilities, but it shouldn't replace the implementation of proper fixes for systems and applications.
During a panel discussion on evolving network security, Peter J. Kunz, manager of infrastructure security for automaker Daimler, lauded the concept of using intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and vulnerability management products to virtually patch vulnerabilities in applications and systems by blocking potentially malicious network traffic from reaching those network locations.
Kunz said Daimler is considering the use of virtual patching by way of its IPS system, a best-of-breed implementation that combines technology from 3Com Corp.'s TippingPoint unit and Redwood Shores, Calif.-based vendor Qualys Inc.
He said in Daimler's environment, there are many legacy IT assets that can't be easily patched through traditional means, so putting a network-based "patch" in place to prevent a known issue from being exploited can provide effective short-term vulnerability mitigation.
"For us, if you have automated machines using embedded Windows 98 or XP to put together cars," Kunz asked, "why does that automated machine have to talk to the Internet? It only needs access to one source, its controller. So right now we're looking to shut that sort of thing down."
Qualys CTO and panelist Wolfgang Kandek said customers using his company's vulnerability management product to inventory their networks often find more problems than expected. While the best recourse would be to patch each system or application individually, he said, many organizations don't have the resources to fix several different issues simultaneously.
"Desktops may make sense to do quickly," Kandek said, "but there might be other problems that are much more painful, where you just can't patch it all quickly. Or you might have a very old software version, and it's not easy to upgrade."
Paul Arceneaux, Austin-based TippingPoint's vice president of product line management, said marshalling development resources from other parts of an organization to fix application flaws can be another challenge that slows down the patch process.
"If you can mitigate that risk by putting a virtual patch on top of it, it's a phenomenal help," Arceneaux said.
However, Kunz said there's a danger of being seduced by virtual patches, because while they mitigate risks that result from security flaws, they don't truly remediate the flaws. It's easy to "set it and forget it" by implementing a virtual patch and not putting a plan in motion to fix the root problem.
Plus, Kandek said, any sort of change to the topology of the network, or even any minor configuration changes, can render a virtual patch useless, exposing the network all over again.
Yet Kunz noted that it can be politically difficult to rally the resources -- and the backing from management -- to implement a proper fix if a virtual patch seems to be doing the job.
"The challenge is to convey that message to management," Kunz said. "Inherent risks still need to be taken care of in the long term." Just because an IPS network status panel may show a green checkmark once a virtual patch is in place, he added, it's still critical to do the back-end repair work.
"You're buying some time" with virtual patching, Kunz said, "but you're not adding to the security of your environment."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
SAN FRANCISCO -- Security pros at RSA Conference 2010 say that virtual patching can be an effective short-term fix for network vulnerabilities, but it shouldn't replace the implementation of proper fixes for systems and applications.
During a panel discussion on evolving network security, Peter J. Kunz, manager of infrastructure security for automaker Daimler, lauded the concept of using intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and vulnerability management products to virtually patch vulnerabilities in applications and systems by blocking potentially malicious network traffic from reaching those network locations.
Kunz said Daimler is considering the use of virtual patching by way of its IPS system, a best-of-breed implementation that combines technology from 3Com Corp.'s TippingPoint unit and Redwood Shores, Calif.-based vendor Qualys Inc.
He said in Daimler's environment, there are many legacy IT assets that can't be easily patched through traditional means, so putting a network-based "patch" in place to prevent a known issue from being exploited can provide effective short-term vulnerability mitigation.
"For us, if you have automated machines using embedded Windows 98 or XP to put together cars," Kunz asked, "why does that automated machine have to talk to the Internet? It only needs access to one source, its controller. So right now we're looking to shut that sort of thing down."
Qualys CTO and panelist Wolfgang Kandek said customers using his company's vulnerability management product to inventory their networks often find more problems than expected. While the best recourse would be to patch each system or application individually, he said, many organizations don't have the resources to fix several different issues simultaneously.
"Desktops may make sense to do quickly," Kandek said, "but there might be other problems that are much more painful, where you just can't patch it all quickly. Or you might have a very old software version, and it's not easy to upgrade."
Paul Arceneaux, Austin-based TippingPoint's vice president of product line management, said marshalling development resources from other parts of an organization to fix application flaws can be another challenge that slows down the patch process.
"If you can mitigate that risk by putting a virtual patch on top of it, it's a phenomenal help," Arceneaux said.
However, Kunz said there's a danger of being seduced by virtual patches, because while they mitigate risks that result from security flaws, they don't truly remediate the flaws. It's easy to "set it and forget it" by implementing a virtual patch and not putting a plan in motion to fix the root problem.
Plus, Kandek said, any sort of change to the topology of the network, or even any minor configuration changes, can render a virtual patch useless, exposing the network all over again.
Yet Kunz noted that it can be politically difficult to rally the resources -- and the backing from management -- to implement a proper fix if a virtual patch seems to be doing the job.
"The challenge is to convey that message to management," Kunz said. "Inherent risks still need to be taken care of in the long term." Just because an IPS network status panel may show a green checkmark once a virtual patch is in place, he added, it's still critical to do the back-end repair work.
"You're buying some time" with virtual patching, Kunz said, "but you're not adding to the security of your environment."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Newly Updated Resources(SUN, Microsoft, CITRIX)
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News
SUN SCJP 310-065 (Traditional Chinese) updated.
CITRIX 1Y0-A06 updated.
Microsoft 70-640ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-647ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-643ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-646ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Recent Updates:
SUN SCJP 310-065 (Traditional Chinese) Q&A 262 questions updated. (2010/3/4)
CITRIX 1Y0-A06 Q&A 102 questions updated. (2010/3/2)
New Demo
SUN SCJP 310-065
CITRIX 1Y0-A06
For more details, please access http://www.test104.com/en/products/products.asp
News
SUN SCJP 310-065 (Traditional Chinese) updated.
CITRIX 1Y0-A06 updated.
Microsoft 70-640ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-647ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-643ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Microsoft 70-646ch (Traditional Chinese) updated.
Recent Updates:
SUN SCJP 310-065 (Traditional Chinese) Q&A 262 questions updated. (2010/3/4)
CITRIX 1Y0-A06 Q&A 102 questions updated. (2010/3/2)
New Demo
SUN SCJP 310-065
CITRIX 1Y0-A06
For more details, please access http://www.test104.com/en/products/products.asp
2010年3月5日星期五
Cloud computing security top of mind at RSA Conference
Cloud computing conversations cropped up constantly at the RSA Conference this week -- in keynotes, track sessions, at lunch, even in the restroom.
Discussions focused on whether it's possible to transfer existing security policies and practices to the cloud; if cloud providers are becoming a single point of failure; how to know if those providers can be trusted; and issues around cloud service-level agreements (SLAs), which many agree are not yet robust enough for enterprise IT shops.
"Consolidation equals a concentration of risk, which the banking industry is already acutely aware of these days after the financial meltdown," said Brian Koval, an information security engineer at Jack Henry Associates, an IT integrator and consulting firm in the banking industry. His firm advises banks to steer clear of public cloud services altogether and instead build cloud-like capabilities internally, he said.
During a Q&A session, one IT practitioner said cloud providers need regulation.
"No one provider should be too big to fail," Koval said, echoing the grim reality of the financial industry collapse that featured the government saving big banks from a downfall that would have a disasterous affect on the entire economy.
A matter of trust
Christopher Squires, IT specialist at the U.S. Treasury Department, said trust is the biggest issue with cloud computing.
"We own all our servers, there's a comfort level; we don't have to worry about being compromised by things beyond our control."
This sentiment was echoed by other cautious IT pros. Stan Szwalbenest, risk director at JPMorgan Chase & Co., said most systems the bank deals with must be "behind our bricks and mortar where we control it."
He and others are worrying about whether cloud service providers will be around a year or more from now, along with the notion of a single point of failure. "How do I ensure against this in the cloud?"
Vendors offered little relief. Vishal Kumar, senior manager of cloud security at VMware, suggested the industry needs an identity and access service to move users to the cloud securely "without IT having to reprovision them." The audit and compliance element around cloud services was also missing and would have to fall into place before enterprise IT shops are able to really embrace the cloud, he said.
Brian Snow, technical director for the National Security Agency's information assurance department, said "dynamism" was the advantage of cloud services, which is at odds with what most enterprise IT security departments require: namely, "absolute control of infrastructure" and the ability to respond to regulators.
The importance of cloud SLAs
Snow advised IT shops considering cloud services to check their SLAs very carefully.
"There's going to be a whole new slew of lawyers to write these contracts," he said.
An IT operations director with a large retail site said his company is eager to crank up machines on Amazon Web Services, but "they don't provide much of an SLA at all."
Ron LaPedis, founder and principal of Seacliff Partners, ironically, a business continuity and security consulting firm, did not read the small print of his SLA with WebHost and suffered a major outage. He suggested that companies putting their businesses in the cloud think about backing up data to different service provider.
Dealing with cloud hype
A chief engineer at Mitre Corp., a Department of Defense contractor, said everyone is following the cloud hype, and the DoD IT folks are no exception.
"They are sucked into the hype, but there is a large swath of folks who do not have operations experience in the field. There may be places where cloud makes sense, but when we're talking about people's lives in a war zone, that's the driving factor, not the fact that you can save costs," he said.
"Two years ago, everyone was saying 'SOA, SOA, SOA,' and it didn't save us money."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Discussions focused on whether it's possible to transfer existing security policies and practices to the cloud; if cloud providers are becoming a single point of failure; how to know if those providers can be trusted; and issues around cloud service-level agreements (SLAs), which many agree are not yet robust enough for enterprise IT shops.
"Consolidation equals a concentration of risk, which the banking industry is already acutely aware of these days after the financial meltdown," said Brian Koval, an information security engineer at Jack Henry Associates, an IT integrator and consulting firm in the banking industry. His firm advises banks to steer clear of public cloud services altogether and instead build cloud-like capabilities internally, he said.
During a Q&A session, one IT practitioner said cloud providers need regulation.
"No one provider should be too big to fail," Koval said, echoing the grim reality of the financial industry collapse that featured the government saving big banks from a downfall that would have a disasterous affect on the entire economy.
A matter of trust
Christopher Squires, IT specialist at the U.S. Treasury Department, said trust is the biggest issue with cloud computing.
"We own all our servers, there's a comfort level; we don't have to worry about being compromised by things beyond our control."
This sentiment was echoed by other cautious IT pros. Stan Szwalbenest, risk director at JPMorgan Chase & Co., said most systems the bank deals with must be "behind our bricks and mortar where we control it."
He and others are worrying about whether cloud service providers will be around a year or more from now, along with the notion of a single point of failure. "How do I ensure against this in the cloud?"
Vendors offered little relief. Vishal Kumar, senior manager of cloud security at VMware, suggested the industry needs an identity and access service to move users to the cloud securely "without IT having to reprovision them." The audit and compliance element around cloud services was also missing and would have to fall into place before enterprise IT shops are able to really embrace the cloud, he said.
Brian Snow, technical director for the National Security Agency's information assurance department, said "dynamism" was the advantage of cloud services, which is at odds with what most enterprise IT security departments require: namely, "absolute control of infrastructure" and the ability to respond to regulators.
The importance of cloud SLAs
Snow advised IT shops considering cloud services to check their SLAs very carefully.
"There's going to be a whole new slew of lawyers to write these contracts," he said.
An IT operations director with a large retail site said his company is eager to crank up machines on Amazon Web Services, but "they don't provide much of an SLA at all."
Ron LaPedis, founder and principal of Seacliff Partners, ironically, a business continuity and security consulting firm, did not read the small print of his SLA with WebHost and suffered a major outage. He suggested that companies putting their businesses in the cloud think about backing up data to different service provider.
Dealing with cloud hype
A chief engineer at Mitre Corp., a Department of Defense contractor, said everyone is following the cloud hype, and the DoD IT folks are no exception.
"They are sucked into the hype, but there is a large swath of folks who do not have operations experience in the field. There may be places where cloud makes sense, but when we're talking about people's lives in a war zone, that's the driving factor, not the fact that you can save costs," he said.
"Two years ago, everyone was saying 'SOA, SOA, SOA,' and it didn't save us money."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Virtualization and memory complexity frustrates IT pros
IT pros say the new memory management features and virtualization capabilities in the latest x86 processors are welcome, but the complexity involved can be challenging.
From chip manufacturers to operating system vendors to virtualization software providers, everyone offers features to optimize memory capacity. In a virtualized data center, these features become crucial, where x86 server utilization has now increased and more apps battle for the same memory resources.
One issue is that a single IT staffer covers a lot of jobs, so it's increasingly difficult to track data center issues as they arise.
"Not only am I the VMware administrator, but I'm also the network engineer, systems engineer, SAN administrator, and I share a security administrator role," said Kendrick Coleman, a VMware administrator at a nonprofit in the Louisville area. "That's a lot of different hats to wear, and I try to spend at least part of my day reading articles and blogs that focus on all aspects of my job."
Memory management features pose problems
Coleman recently ran into a problem with a memory management feature. In x86 processors, the trend is to build memory management features into the silicon. Intel's Xeon 5500, or Nehalem series, has them, as do AMD Opteron processors using Rapid Virtualization Indexing, also called RVI. But some IT pros running VMware ESX on this hardware have encountered what at first glance appears to be a memory allocation problem.
Coleman's company runs VMware ESX on two IBM x3650 M2 rackmount servers. The servers run on Intel Xeon 5530 quad-core, 2.4 GHz Nehalem chips, with 48 GB of RAM and thus far host about 11 virtual machines.
Coleman reported some "weird memory issues when running ESX on Nehalem." In one instance, a VM's task manager reported using only 530 MB of RAM, even though it had been allocated more than 2.5 GB of RAM from the host.
It was "as if some of our VMs just aren't doing TPS [transparent page sharing] as they should," Coleman said, referring to Transparent Page Sharing, a long-standing VMware ESX memory deduplication feature.
Coleman's case isn't unusual, as evidenced by an extensive thread on VMware's community site, and does, in fact, relate to TPS, said Eric Horschman, VMware product marketing director.
How VM memory issues arise
The ESX hypervisor inspects memory pages loaded by guest operating systems running in virtual machines. When it finds identical memory pages, it saves a copy of the page and then creates a pointer to it for the virtual machines. Duplicate memory pages are common in highly virtualized environments; if someone runs 20 copies of Windows Server on the same physical machine, there's a good chance there are identical memory pages.
By using TPS, IT pros can save host memory and cram more virtual machines into the physical box.
When installed on older processors, ESX performs several memory management functions within its software. But in the chips with memory management features, ESX is freed for other tasks. It can use larger memory pages, which boost application performance, particularly database apps such as Oracle and SQL Server. (If the application doesn't have to access as many memory pages, it can perform faster.)
But if a server isn't running enough virtual machines to consume all the system's memory -- a state often called being "undercommitted" -- and ESX is using larger memory pages, TPS won't be as effective because there are fewer memory pages it can dedupe, resulting in Coleman's problem.
But Horschman said that as a server's memory gets closer to being fully committed, ESX switches back to smaller memory pages so that TPS can dedupe more effectively and end users can then pack more VMs into the host.
That explanation makes sense to Coleman, who conceded that he didn't encounter application performance issues, just seeming memory issues. But for many IT pros, the perception is still a problem.
"It's just a side effect that was never really brought out to the open and shared among Nehalem users," Coleman said. He later added that "perhaps the consumer is to blame for purchasing a product and not knowing the pros and cons. But we can't ask Intel to demo a CPU, so how are we to know?"
An 'issue' or a bug?
Matthew Doak, a systems engineer at the Grand Rapids, Mich.-based healthcare management company ProCare Systems Inc., confronted similar TPS issues in vSphere 4 and was displeased with VMware's response.
"I think they initially underestimated the effect the bug was having in terms of generating false alerts in VCenter and even causing [Distributed Resource Scheduler] to move VMs around because it thought memory was overutilized on the Nehalem hosts," he said. ProCare circumvented the problem by following suggestions on a VMware community forum until the company issued the patch in Update 1.
Doak advised that anyone who is engaged in a virtualization project should pay close attention to compatibility lists to make sure the hardware is supported. Doak experienced repeated host crashes after upgrading to vSphere 4. He eventually discovered that this "ugly experience" was because a host had mismatched CPUs.
"Despite running fine for over a year with ESX 3.5, upgrading to 4 caused not only that host to crash repeatedly but also other hosts that had machines VMotioned to them from that host to crash with a purple screen of death," he said. "It was pretty much a nightmare."Whether these problems result from bugs or from a lack of administrator training, they can have a chilling effect on virtualization. Place Properties, an Atlanta-based property developer, purchased three Nehalem-based Dell R710 servers in anticipation of ESX 4, said Nathan Raper, a systems support manager. He too experienced ESX's memory reporting problems, which caused false alarms and, more important, a lack of confidence in VMware from the company's executive committee as it tried to execute on the proof of concept.
Despite these problems, IT pros like Raper haven't asked for fewer virtualization and memory management features. They just want better compatibility and perhaps better documentation and support for potential problems that may come.
"While there is a level of complexity being added to the IT industry in regards to new virtualization technologies, at the end of the day really it's getting simpler, not harder," he said. "For someone like me, I'm put in a place where I have to decide on a virtualization platform and subsequently learn it. But after that, it's actually granting a large amount of tools that are making our lives simpler."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
From chip manufacturers to operating system vendors to virtualization software providers, everyone offers features to optimize memory capacity. In a virtualized data center, these features become crucial, where x86 server utilization has now increased and more apps battle for the same memory resources.
One issue is that a single IT staffer covers a lot of jobs, so it's increasingly difficult to track data center issues as they arise.
"Not only am I the VMware administrator, but I'm also the network engineer, systems engineer, SAN administrator, and I share a security administrator role," said Kendrick Coleman, a VMware administrator at a nonprofit in the Louisville area. "That's a lot of different hats to wear, and I try to spend at least part of my day reading articles and blogs that focus on all aspects of my job."
Memory management features pose problems
Coleman recently ran into a problem with a memory management feature. In x86 processors, the trend is to build memory management features into the silicon. Intel's Xeon 5500, or Nehalem series, has them, as do AMD Opteron processors using Rapid Virtualization Indexing, also called RVI. But some IT pros running VMware ESX on this hardware have encountered what at first glance appears to be a memory allocation problem.
Coleman's company runs VMware ESX on two IBM x3650 M2 rackmount servers. The servers run on Intel Xeon 5530 quad-core, 2.4 GHz Nehalem chips, with 48 GB of RAM and thus far host about 11 virtual machines.
Coleman reported some "weird memory issues when running ESX on Nehalem." In one instance, a VM's task manager reported using only 530 MB of RAM, even though it had been allocated more than 2.5 GB of RAM from the host.
It was "as if some of our VMs just aren't doing TPS [transparent page sharing] as they should," Coleman said, referring to Transparent Page Sharing, a long-standing VMware ESX memory deduplication feature.
Coleman's case isn't unusual, as evidenced by an extensive thread on VMware's community site, and does, in fact, relate to TPS, said Eric Horschman, VMware product marketing director.
How VM memory issues arise
The ESX hypervisor inspects memory pages loaded by guest operating systems running in virtual machines. When it finds identical memory pages, it saves a copy of the page and then creates a pointer to it for the virtual machines. Duplicate memory pages are common in highly virtualized environments; if someone runs 20 copies of Windows Server on the same physical machine, there's a good chance there are identical memory pages.
By using TPS, IT pros can save host memory and cram more virtual machines into the physical box.
When installed on older processors, ESX performs several memory management functions within its software. But in the chips with memory management features, ESX is freed for other tasks. It can use larger memory pages, which boost application performance, particularly database apps such as Oracle and SQL Server. (If the application doesn't have to access as many memory pages, it can perform faster.)
But if a server isn't running enough virtual machines to consume all the system's memory -- a state often called being "undercommitted" -- and ESX is using larger memory pages, TPS won't be as effective because there are fewer memory pages it can dedupe, resulting in Coleman's problem.
But Horschman said that as a server's memory gets closer to being fully committed, ESX switches back to smaller memory pages so that TPS can dedupe more effectively and end users can then pack more VMs into the host.
That explanation makes sense to Coleman, who conceded that he didn't encounter application performance issues, just seeming memory issues. But for many IT pros, the perception is still a problem.
"It's just a side effect that was never really brought out to the open and shared among Nehalem users," Coleman said. He later added that "perhaps the consumer is to blame for purchasing a product and not knowing the pros and cons. But we can't ask Intel to demo a CPU, so how are we to know?"
An 'issue' or a bug?
Matthew Doak, a systems engineer at the Grand Rapids, Mich.-based healthcare management company ProCare Systems Inc., confronted similar TPS issues in vSphere 4 and was displeased with VMware's response.
"I think they initially underestimated the effect the bug was having in terms of generating false alerts in VCenter and even causing [Distributed Resource Scheduler] to move VMs around because it thought memory was overutilized on the Nehalem hosts," he said. ProCare circumvented the problem by following suggestions on a VMware community forum until the company issued the patch in Update 1.
Doak advised that anyone who is engaged in a virtualization project should pay close attention to compatibility lists to make sure the hardware is supported. Doak experienced repeated host crashes after upgrading to vSphere 4. He eventually discovered that this "ugly experience" was because a host had mismatched CPUs.
"Despite running fine for over a year with ESX 3.5, upgrading to 4 caused not only that host to crash repeatedly but also other hosts that had machines VMotioned to them from that host to crash with a purple screen of death," he said. "It was pretty much a nightmare."Whether these problems result from bugs or from a lack of administrator training, they can have a chilling effect on virtualization. Place Properties, an Atlanta-based property developer, purchased three Nehalem-based Dell R710 servers in anticipation of ESX 4, said Nathan Raper, a systems support manager. He too experienced ESX's memory reporting problems, which caused false alarms and, more important, a lack of confidence in VMware from the company's executive committee as it tried to execute on the proof of concept.
Despite these problems, IT pros like Raper haven't asked for fewer virtualization and memory management features. They just want better compatibility and perhaps better documentation and support for potential problems that may come.
"While there is a level of complexity being added to the IT industry in regards to new virtualization technologies, at the end of the day really it's getting simpler, not harder," he said. "For someone like me, I'm put in a place where I have to decide on a virtualization platform and subsequently learn it. But after that, it's actually granting a large amount of tools that are making our lives simpler."
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
Microsoft to address eight security vulnerabilities in Windows, Office
As part of its security bulletin advance notification for March, Microsoft revealed Thursday that it will release two bulletins that will address eight vulnerabilities.
The bulletins, each labeled "Important" by Microsoft, will affect Windows and Microsoft Office products.
The security updates will be released Mar. 9 in the software giant's usual monthly Patch Tuesday cycle.
According to a post on the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) blog from Jerry Bryant, senior security communications manager for the MSRC, the upcoming patches will address vulnerabilities that would "require a user to open a specially crafted file." There are no network-based attack vectors, added Bryant.
Bryant also noted that Microsoft is continuing to monitor a VBScript remote code execution vulnerability, disclosed earlier in the week. The VBScript advisory claims that no attacks are known currently, and according to Microsoft, the vulnerability cannot be exploited on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista, or Windows Server 2008. Customers are encouraged to apply workarounds.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
The bulletins, each labeled "Important" by Microsoft, will affect Windows and Microsoft Office products.
The security updates will be released Mar. 9 in the software giant's usual monthly Patch Tuesday cycle.
According to a post on the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) blog from Jerry Bryant, senior security communications manager for the MSRC, the upcoming patches will address vulnerabilities that would "require a user to open a specially crafted file." There are no network-based attack vectors, added Bryant.
Bryant also noted that Microsoft is continuing to monitor a VBScript remote code execution vulnerability, disclosed earlier in the week. The VBScript advisory claims that no attacks are known currently, and according to Microsoft, the vulnerability cannot be exploited on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista, or Windows Server 2008. Customers are encouraged to apply workarounds.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
2010年3月4日星期四
Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model
When looking at the OSI model, it should be understood that each layer serves a specific function. Each of the 7 layers functions are defined by OSI and can be applied and used by any network product vendor. By having all network hardware and software vendors referencing the same model, any network can be built in a non-vendor specific multi-vendor environment with an expectation that compatibility will not be an issue. Of course there is a lot to be said for have a primary network vendor for management and customizability. The OSI functions are as follows:
Layer 7
Application
The Application layer provides services to application processes that are at a higher level than the OSI model; examples: FTP, Telnet, E-mail. This layer synchronizes cooperating applications and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity. Messages, defined as a logical grouping of information, are processed from applications at this layer.
Layer 6
Presentation
The Presentation layer provides data representation, presentation and code formatting and conversion. It is responsible for making sure that data received from the network can be used by the application and it makes sure information from an application can be sent onto the network. Data management issues include encryption, compression, ASCII, JPEG, EBCDIC.
Layer 5
Session
The Session layer is used for the establishment, maintenance, and management of sessions between applications. It is also responsible for synchronizing communication between application on different hosts.
Layer 4
Transport
The Transport layer Segments, Sequences, and reassembles data to and from data streams. With TCP/IP, this layer is responsible also for communicating with upper layers through Port address. With TCP/IP there are two different categories of Ports. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is used for connection-based reliable delivery of data (example: HTTP or FTP services). UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used for connection-less unreliable transmission delivery of data (example: Real-Audio, QuickTime streaming). The establishment, maintenance, and termination of virtual circuit is also included at this layer along with Informational Flow-Control, Transport Fault Detection and Recovery and Quality of Service are also concepts involved at this layer. In an Novell network, SPX is similar to TCP.
Layer 3
Network
This layer Packets or creates Datagrams and determines the best path including path determination and selection to move data from one location to another. The path information is provided to this layer by the protocol packets network information. With the TCP/IP protocol, IP provides the network information that is extracted from the IP address by the subnet mask. In a Novell network, IPX carries the network information for routing functions. A router will make its decisions by using its routing table located in RAM on the router. Concepts here may include routers, Layer 3 switches, routed protocols, and logical addressing.
Layer 2
Data-Link
This layer Frames and physically addresses the data with a MAC address provides reliable transmission across a PHYSICAL link while also handling error notification, network topology, and flow control. Bridges, Layer 2 Switches, and also items such as Frame-Relay operate at this layer. This layer is comprised of two sub-layers.
LLC sub-layer – This layer deals with framing, flow control, error detection and control, and MAC sub-layer addressing. IEEE 802.2 is an example of an LLC protocol.
MAC sub-layer – This layer manages access to shared media such as CSMA/CD for Ethernet or Token management for Token Ring.
Layer 1
Physical
This layer converts frames to Bits and provides the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional means for activating and maintaining the physical link between systems. Binary transmission including the sending and receiving of binary data using various device interfaces occurs at this layer.
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Layer 7
Application
The Application layer provides services to application processes that are at a higher level than the OSI model; examples: FTP, Telnet, E-mail. This layer synchronizes cooperating applications and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity. Messages, defined as a logical grouping of information, are processed from applications at this layer.
Layer 6
Presentation
The Presentation layer provides data representation, presentation and code formatting and conversion. It is responsible for making sure that data received from the network can be used by the application and it makes sure information from an application can be sent onto the network. Data management issues include encryption, compression, ASCII, JPEG, EBCDIC.
Layer 5
Session
The Session layer is used for the establishment, maintenance, and management of sessions between applications. It is also responsible for synchronizing communication between application on different hosts.
Layer 4
Transport
The Transport layer Segments, Sequences, and reassembles data to and from data streams. With TCP/IP, this layer is responsible also for communicating with upper layers through Port address. With TCP/IP there are two different categories of Ports. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is used for connection-based reliable delivery of data (example: HTTP or FTP services). UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used for connection-less unreliable transmission delivery of data (example: Real-Audio, QuickTime streaming). The establishment, maintenance, and termination of virtual circuit is also included at this layer along with Informational Flow-Control, Transport Fault Detection and Recovery and Quality of Service are also concepts involved at this layer. In an Novell network, SPX is similar to TCP.
Layer 3
Network
This layer Packets or creates Datagrams and determines the best path including path determination and selection to move data from one location to another. The path information is provided to this layer by the protocol packets network information. With the TCP/IP protocol, IP provides the network information that is extracted from the IP address by the subnet mask. In a Novell network, IPX carries the network information for routing functions. A router will make its decisions by using its routing table located in RAM on the router. Concepts here may include routers, Layer 3 switches, routed protocols, and logical addressing.
Layer 2
Data-Link
This layer Frames and physically addresses the data with a MAC address provides reliable transmission across a PHYSICAL link while also handling error notification, network topology, and flow control. Bridges, Layer 2 Switches, and also items such as Frame-Relay operate at this layer. This layer is comprised of two sub-layers.
LLC sub-layer – This layer deals with framing, flow control, error detection and control, and MAC sub-layer addressing. IEEE 802.2 is an example of an LLC protocol.
MAC sub-layer – This layer manages access to shared media such as CSMA/CD for Ethernet or Token management for Token Ring.
Layer 1
Physical
This layer converts frames to Bits and provides the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional means for activating and maintaining the physical link between systems. Binary transmission including the sending and receiving of binary data using various device interfaces occurs at this layer.
http://www.test104.com/en/tech/
2010年3月1日星期一
Juniper-Networks Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/Juniper-Networks/
The Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program (JNTCP) consists of platform-specific, multitiered tracks, which enable participants to demonstrate, through a combination of written proficiency exams and hands-on configuration and troubleshooting exams, competence with Juniper Networks technology. Successful candidates demonstrate thorough understanding of Internet and security technologies and Juniper Networks platform configuration and troubleshooting skills.
The certifications are divided into several levels based on skill level requirement.
• 1 Associate level certifications
• 2 Specialist level certifications
• 3 Professional level certifications
• 4 Expert level certifications
All Professional and Expert exams are lab-exams. These can be attempted in Juniper offices worldwide and occasionally on other locations as well.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/30.html
The Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program (JNTCP) consists of platform-specific, multitiered tracks, which enable participants to demonstrate, through a combination of written proficiency exams and hands-on configuration and troubleshooting exams, competence with Juniper Networks technology. Successful candidates demonstrate thorough understanding of Internet and security technologies and Juniper Networks platform configuration and troubleshooting skills.
The certifications are divided into several levels based on skill level requirement.
• 1 Associate level certifications
• 2 Specialist level certifications
• 3 Professional level certifications
• 4 Expert level certifications
All Professional and Expert exams are lab-exams. These can be attempted in Juniper offices worldwide and occasionally on other locations as well.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/30.html
ISEB Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/ISEB/
The Information Systems Examinations Board (ISEB) is part of BCS and is an international examination body created to raise the standard of competence and performance of people working in IT. We're leading the way in qualifications for IT professionals - delivering more than 380,000 exams in over 200 countries.
ISEB qualifications come in Foundation, Practitioner and Higher level to suit each individual candidate.
ISEB qualifications allow candidates to learn new skills in specific business and IT areas which measure competence, ability and performance. This helps to promote career development and provide a competitive edge for employees.
ISEB offers IT professionals a variety of internationally recognized qualifications, with 8 major subject areas in:
• ITIL® / IT Service Management
• Software Testing
• Sustainable IT
• Business Change
• Systems Development
• Project Management and Support
• IT Governance, Information and Security
• IT Assets and Infrastructure
http://www.test104.com/en/products/62.html
The Information Systems Examinations Board (ISEB) is part of BCS and is an international examination body created to raise the standard of competence and performance of people working in IT. We're leading the way in qualifications for IT professionals - delivering more than 380,000 exams in over 200 countries.
ISEB qualifications come in Foundation, Practitioner and Higher level to suit each individual candidate.
ISEB qualifications allow candidates to learn new skills in specific business and IT areas which measure competence, ability and performance. This helps to promote career development and provide a competitive edge for employees.
ISEB offers IT professionals a variety of internationally recognized qualifications, with 8 major subject areas in:
• ITIL® / IT Service Management
• Software Testing
• Sustainable IT
• Business Change
• Systems Development
• Project Management and Support
• IT Governance, Information and Security
• IT Assets and Infrastructure
http://www.test104.com/en/products/62.html
IBM Certifications
http://www.test104.com/en/products/13.html
000-011: IBM Tivoli Application Dependency and Discovery Manager V7.1 Implementation
000-012: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation
000-014: IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack V5.5 Specialist
000-015: IBM Maximo Asset Management V7.1 Implementation
000-016: IBM Tivoli Asset Management for IT V7.1 Implementation
000-017: Foundations of Tivoli Process Automation Engine
000-019 IBM Tivoli Network Manager IP Edition V3.8 Implementation
000-021 IBM Tivoli Workload Scheduler V8.5 Implementation
000-060 IBM Dynamic Infrastructure Sales Leader
000-076 System x Sales V5
000-083 System x and BladeCenter Sales Expert V2
000-084
000-100 Enterprise Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-101 Virtualization Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-134 Rational Business Developer v7.1
000-135 Rational Host Access Transformation Services (HATS) v7.1
000-139 AppScan Standard Edition
000-150 J2EE v1.4 Web Developer
000-206 High-End Disk for Open Systems Version 1
000-210 Storage Networking Solutions Version 4
000-223 System p Administrator
000-255 Developing with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6
000-256 Application Development with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6.0
000-257 Enterprise Application Development with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6.0
000-315 IBM WebSphere Message Broker V6.1, Solution Development
000-330 Power Systems Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-331 Power Systems Sales for AIX and Linux
000-349 IBM WebSphere Transformation Extender V8.2, Application Development
000-374 IBM WebSphere MQ V7.0, System Administration
000-415 IBM WebSphere IIS DataStage Enterprise Edition v7.5
000-427 IBM System z Solution Sales V3
000-430 IBM Tivoli Netcool Service Quality Manager V4.1.1 Implementation
000-432 IBM Tivoli Storage Manager V5.5 Operator
000-434 IBM Tivoli Netcool Performance Manager for Wireless V9.1.2 Implementation
000-436 IBM Tivoli Business Service Manager V4.1.1 Implementation
000-594 IBM Tivoli Enterprise Console V3.9 Implementation
000-643 UCM Essentials
000-647 Rational Performance Tester
000-669 SOA Fundamentals [2008]
000-700 DB2 V8.1 Family Fundamentals
000-701 DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Database Administration
000-702 DB2 UDB V8.1 for z/OS Database Administration
000-704 DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Advanced Database Administration
000-705 DB2 Business Intelligence Solutions
000-706 Upgrade to DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Database Administration
000-715 IBM Alphablox
000-719 InfoSphere Warehouse V9.5
000-730 DB2 9 Family Fundamentals
000-731 DB2 9 DBA for Linux UNIX and Windows
000-734 DB2 9 Advanced Database Administrator for Linux UNIX and Windows
000-735 DB2 9.5 SQL Procedure Developer
000-842 Rational Functional Tester for Java
000-910 Managing and Optimizing Informix Dynamic Server Databases
000-915 System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server Version 9
000-917 System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server V10
000-933 IBM Tivoli Netcool/OMNIbus V7.2 Implementation
000-936 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business V6.1 Implementation
000-939 IBM Tivoli Change and Configuration Management Database V7.1.1
000-965 XIV Storage System Technical Solutions Version 1
000-971 System i Administrator v5.07.11
000-973 Power Systems Sales for IBM i Operating System
000-974 Power Systems Technical Support for i
000-992 IBM WebSphere Business Modeler Advanced V6.1, Business Analysis and Design
000-994 IBM WebSphere MQ V6 System Administration
000-995 IBM WebSphere Process Server V6.1, System Administration
000-M25 IBM Rational Team Concert Technical Sales Mastery Test
000-M27 M27 IBM Rational Build Forge Technical Sales Mastery Test
000-R01 IBM SurePOS 5x3 Technical Mastery - NA/LA/AP
000-R03 IBM SurePOS 720, 740, and 780 Technical Mastery
000-R06 IBM SurePOS 5x3 Technical Mastery – Europe
000-R09 IBM SurePOS 300 Models 330 and 33H Technical Mastery
000-R11 IBM AnyPlace Kiosk Technical Mastery (1xx models)
000-R13 IBM Retail Environment for SuSE Linux Technical Mastery
000-R14 IBM SurePOS 500 Series Models 5x5 Technical Mastery
000-R15 IBm AnyPlace Kiosk 5xx, 7xx, and 9xx Technical Mastery
000-X01 IBM System x iDataPlex Technical Support
http://www.test104.com/en/products/13.html
000-011: IBM Tivoli Application Dependency and Discovery Manager V7.1 Implementation
000-012: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation
000-014: IBM Tivoli Storage Manager FastBack V5.5 Specialist
000-015: IBM Maximo Asset Management V7.1 Implementation
000-016: IBM Tivoli Asset Management for IT V7.1 Implementation
000-017: Foundations of Tivoli Process Automation Engine
000-019 IBM Tivoli Network Manager IP Edition V3.8 Implementation
000-021 IBM Tivoli Workload Scheduler V8.5 Implementation
000-060 IBM Dynamic Infrastructure Sales Leader
000-076 System x Sales V5
000-083 System x and BladeCenter Sales Expert V2
000-084
000-100 Enterprise Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-101 Virtualization Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-134 Rational Business Developer v7.1
000-135 Rational Host Access Transformation Services (HATS) v7.1
000-139 AppScan Standard Edition
000-150 J2EE v1.4 Web Developer
000-206 High-End Disk for Open Systems Version 1
000-210 Storage Networking Solutions Version 4
000-223 System p Administrator
000-255 Developing with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6
000-256 Application Development with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6.0
000-257 Enterprise Application Development with IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software V6.0
000-315 IBM WebSphere Message Broker V6.1, Solution Development
000-330 Power Systems Technical Support for AIX and Linux
000-331 Power Systems Sales for AIX and Linux
000-349 IBM WebSphere Transformation Extender V8.2, Application Development
000-374 IBM WebSphere MQ V7.0, System Administration
000-415 IBM WebSphere IIS DataStage Enterprise Edition v7.5
000-427 IBM System z Solution Sales V3
000-430 IBM Tivoli Netcool Service Quality Manager V4.1.1 Implementation
000-432 IBM Tivoli Storage Manager V5.5 Operator
000-434 IBM Tivoli Netcool Performance Manager for Wireless V9.1.2 Implementation
000-436 IBM Tivoli Business Service Manager V4.1.1 Implementation
000-594 IBM Tivoli Enterprise Console V3.9 Implementation
000-643 UCM Essentials
000-647 Rational Performance Tester
000-669 SOA Fundamentals [2008]
000-700 DB2 V8.1 Family Fundamentals
000-701 DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Database Administration
000-702 DB2 UDB V8.1 for z/OS Database Administration
000-704 DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Advanced Database Administration
000-705 DB2 Business Intelligence Solutions
000-706 Upgrade to DB2 V8.1 for Linux UNIX and Windows Database Administration
000-715 IBM Alphablox
000-719 InfoSphere Warehouse V9.5
000-730 DB2 9 Family Fundamentals
000-731 DB2 9 DBA for Linux UNIX and Windows
000-734 DB2 9 Advanced Database Administrator for Linux UNIX and Windows
000-735 DB2 9.5 SQL Procedure Developer
000-842 Rational Functional Tester for Java
000-910 Managing and Optimizing Informix Dynamic Server Databases
000-915 System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server Version 9
000-917 System Administration for IBM Informix Dynamic Server V10
000-933 IBM Tivoli Netcool/OMNIbus V7.2 Implementation
000-936 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business V6.1 Implementation
000-939 IBM Tivoli Change and Configuration Management Database V7.1.1
000-965 XIV Storage System Technical Solutions Version 1
000-971 System i Administrator v5.07.11
000-973 Power Systems Sales for IBM i Operating System
000-974 Power Systems Technical Support for i
000-992 IBM WebSphere Business Modeler Advanced V6.1, Business Analysis and Design
000-994 IBM WebSphere MQ V6 System Administration
000-995 IBM WebSphere Process Server V6.1, System Administration
000-M25 IBM Rational Team Concert Technical Sales Mastery Test
000-M27 M27 IBM Rational Build Forge Technical Sales Mastery Test
000-R01 IBM SurePOS 5x3 Technical Mastery - NA/LA/AP
000-R03 IBM SurePOS 720, 740, and 780 Technical Mastery
000-R06 IBM SurePOS 5x3 Technical Mastery – Europe
000-R09 IBM SurePOS 300 Models 330 and 33H Technical Mastery
000-R11 IBM AnyPlace Kiosk Technical Mastery (1xx models)
000-R13 IBM Retail Environment for SuSE Linux Technical Mastery
000-R14 IBM SurePOS 500 Series Models 5x5 Technical Mastery
000-R15 IBm AnyPlace Kiosk 5xx, 7xx, and 9xx Technical Mastery
000-X01 IBM System x iDataPlex Technical Support
http://www.test104.com/en/products/13.html
IBM Certifications
http://www.test104.com/en/IBM/
IBM is an IT industry giant and offers countless services in both computer hardware and software. This IT giant offers a number of certifications to individuals to validate their professional expertise in different IT fields. These certifications are aimed at creating familiarity and competency with innovations, which are being invented with every passing day in IT world. These certifications are designed to enhance your skills and help you contribute to the continued success of your company.
Advantages of Being an IBM Certified Professional
By getting yourself IBM certified, you would display a core level of expertise that became your powerful professional muscles to exhibit in IT world. IBM certification makes you prominent to your employer and they look at you as a potential new hire or an important employee seeking a promotion. Your IBM certification adds a valuable credential in your professional skills and makes you a vital and an integral part of any organization.
IBM Professional Certification is a way for skilled IT professionals to demonstrate their expertise to the world. It validates your skills and demonstrates your proficiency in the latest IBM technology and solutions. The mission of IBM Professional Certification is to:
• Provide a reliable, valid and fair method of assessing skills and knowledge.
• Provide IBM a method of building and validating the skills of individuals and organizations.
• Develop a loyal community of highly skilled certified professionals who recommend, sell, service, support and/or use IBM products and solutions.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/13.html
IBM is an IT industry giant and offers countless services in both computer hardware and software. This IT giant offers a number of certifications to individuals to validate their professional expertise in different IT fields. These certifications are aimed at creating familiarity and competency with innovations, which are being invented with every passing day in IT world. These certifications are designed to enhance your skills and help you contribute to the continued success of your company.
Advantages of Being an IBM Certified Professional
By getting yourself IBM certified, you would display a core level of expertise that became your powerful professional muscles to exhibit in IT world. IBM certification makes you prominent to your employer and they look at you as a potential new hire or an important employee seeking a promotion. Your IBM certification adds a valuable credential in your professional skills and makes you a vital and an integral part of any organization.
IBM Professional Certification is a way for skilled IT professionals to demonstrate their expertise to the world. It validates your skills and demonstrates your proficiency in the latest IBM technology and solutions. The mission of IBM Professional Certification is to:
• Provide a reliable, valid and fair method of assessing skills and knowledge.
• Provide IBM a method of building and validating the skills of individuals and organizations.
• Develop a loyal community of highly skilled certified professionals who recommend, sell, service, support and/or use IBM products and solutions.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/13.html
HP certification
http://www.test104.com/en/HP/
HP Certified Professional Program
• HP certification is available in a broad range of disciplines, from presales and sales to integration and operating systems
• HP certification is consistent around the globe (the certifications you earn will be valued no matter where your work takes you)
http://www.test104.com/en/products/20.html
HP Certified Professional Program
• HP certification is available in a broad range of disciplines, from presales and sales to integration and operating systems
• HP certification is consistent around the globe (the certifications you earn will be valued no matter where your work takes you)
http://www.test104.com/en/products/20.html
H3C Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/H3C/
H3C Certification caters to different demands of its customers and aims to provide overall, professional and authoritative network technology certification. Getting any level of H3C Certifications, you will be validated to be competent for corresponding task to keep you competitive in today's changing business environment.
...
H3C certification is China's first network technique certification system set up in accordance with the international standard. It is also the first enterprise of China to provide IT certification service to the global market. It has full intellectual property on its products and teaching materials. With powerful technical base it pays great attention to the promotion of the clients' techniques and capacities. Being a well known IT certification brand, H3C will help you to prove the network techniques and practical abilities you have and to maintain your strong competitive edge in the fierce competitions in your professional life. At present, there are over 100 authorized training centres and network schools in all of the big cities in China, and many authorized training centres have been set up in countries and regions like Brazil, Germany, Thailand, Singapore, Egypt, Dubai, Turkey and Moscow. The rich worldwide training resources can supply clients with large-scale and individualized training services of high quality. By the end of 2004, there are more than 25 thousand people who have received the training service in over ten countries and regions, and among them more than 10 thousand have got certificates.
H3C certification will stick to the principle of "being realistic and specialized, making use of what have been taught", cater to different requirements of the clients, and make continuous improvement of itself so as to make H3C certification a world known certification brand.
H3C Certification Core Predominance
>Internationalized network technology certification
Based on H3C network technology and products in the leading internationalized network technology, provide professional and authoritative network technology certification for worldwide customers.
>Emphasizing application of network technology
Partition of H3C certification level is based on the various situation of technology application. By learning and certifying of corresponding level, the customers not only can grasp general professional network technology, but also can be provided with network design, implementation and maintenance of corresponding scale.
>Focus on enhancement of customer technology and skills
Provide up to date network technology training materials, in which large amount of configuration illumination and operation flow being added; case teaching enhances deep understanding of network technology for customers; favourable experiment environment and sufficient practice chances make continuous enhancement of customer skills; plenty of practical configuration review in tests make certification as the criterion of evaluating customer technology level and professional skills.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/65.html
H3C Certification caters to different demands of its customers and aims to provide overall, professional and authoritative network technology certification. Getting any level of H3C Certifications, you will be validated to be competent for corresponding task to keep you competitive in today's changing business environment.
...
H3C certification is China's first network technique certification system set up in accordance with the international standard. It is also the first enterprise of China to provide IT certification service to the global market. It has full intellectual property on its products and teaching materials. With powerful technical base it pays great attention to the promotion of the clients' techniques and capacities. Being a well known IT certification brand, H3C will help you to prove the network techniques and practical abilities you have and to maintain your strong competitive edge in the fierce competitions in your professional life. At present, there are over 100 authorized training centres and network schools in all of the big cities in China, and many authorized training centres have been set up in countries and regions like Brazil, Germany, Thailand, Singapore, Egypt, Dubai, Turkey and Moscow. The rich worldwide training resources can supply clients with large-scale and individualized training services of high quality. By the end of 2004, there are more than 25 thousand people who have received the training service in over ten countries and regions, and among them more than 10 thousand have got certificates.
H3C certification will stick to the principle of "being realistic and specialized, making use of what have been taught", cater to different requirements of the clients, and make continuous improvement of itself so as to make H3C certification a world known certification brand.
H3C Certification Core Predominance
>Internationalized network technology certification
Based on H3C network technology and products in the leading internationalized network technology, provide professional and authoritative network technology certification for worldwide customers.
>Emphasizing application of network technology
Partition of H3C certification level is based on the various situation of technology application. By learning and certifying of corresponding level, the customers not only can grasp general professional network technology, but also can be provided with network design, implementation and maintenance of corresponding scale.
>Focus on enhancement of customer technology and skills
Provide up to date network technology training materials, in which large amount of configuration illumination and operation flow being added; case teaching enhances deep understanding of network technology for customers; favourable experiment environment and sufficient practice chances make continuous enhancement of customer skills; plenty of practical configuration review in tests make certification as the criterion of evaluating customer technology level and professional skills.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/65.html
ITIL Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/ITIL/
The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) is a collection of best practices in IT Service Management. ITIL® is relevant to anyone involved in the delivery or support of IT services. Whether you're managing day-to-day IT services, or establishing and refining existing processes, ITIL® can help you apply internationally proven Best Practices for the IT services and the support you provide.
ITIL® is relevant to anyone involved in the delivery or support of IT services. Whether you are managing day-to-day IT services or establishing and refining existing processes, ITIL® can help you apply internationally proven best practice-based standards to the IT services and support you provide.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/44.html
The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) is a collection of best practices in IT Service Management. ITIL® is relevant to anyone involved in the delivery or support of IT services. Whether you're managing day-to-day IT services, or establishing and refining existing processes, ITIL® can help you apply internationally proven Best Practices for the IT services and the support you provide.
ITIL® is relevant to anyone involved in the delivery or support of IT services. Whether you are managing day-to-day IT services or establishing and refining existing processes, ITIL® can help you apply internationally proven best practice-based standards to the IT services and support you provide.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/44.html
EXIN Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/EXIN/
EXIN, the Examination Institute for Information Science, is a global, independent IT examination provider offering qualification programs for ISO/IEC 20000, ISO/IEC 27000, ITIL®, MOF, ASL, BiSL, TMap® and SCP. It's EXIN's mission to improve the quality of the IT sector, the IT professionals and the IT users, by means of independent testing and certification.
EXIN is well-known worldwide for its IT exams in IT Service Management at various levels. With examinations like ISO/IEC 20000, ISO/IEC 27000, ITIL®, MOF, ASL, BiSL, TMap®, EXIN plays an important role in the development of international qualification standards. Each exam successfully completed will lead to an internationally recognized EXIN certificate. EXIN exams are available in 15 languages. All EXIN exams are independent, internationally recognized and based on competencies and job roles, IT-standards, best practices and frameworks. In addition to separate IT exams, EXIN offers qualification programs. These consist of learning tracts with exams that complement each other well in practice.
EXIN develops educational standards for all major areas in ICT in close cooperation with international partners in the IT industry. These close links with professionals in the field have put EXIN in an excellent position to keep track of actual best practices.
EXIN certification helps you to:
• Strengthen your skills and improve your job performance
• Update your knowledge in the field of your choice
• Prove your competencies to your employer and customers all over the world
• Qualify for jobs that require specialized knowledge
• Launch a fulfilling new career and stay competitive
• Receive recognition from both the industry and your peers
The benefits to the business include:
• Increased customer satisfaction
• Better use of human resources
• Proven quality of your IT staff
• Specific knowledge and skills needed to perform an IT job successfully
• Measuring the effectiveness of training programs
• Incentives, rewards and challenges for employees
http://www.test104.com/en/products/44.html
EXIN, the Examination Institute for Information Science, is a global, independent IT examination provider offering qualification programs for ISO/IEC 20000, ISO/IEC 27000, ITIL®, MOF, ASL, BiSL, TMap® and SCP. It's EXIN's mission to improve the quality of the IT sector, the IT professionals and the IT users, by means of independent testing and certification.
EXIN is well-known worldwide for its IT exams in IT Service Management at various levels. With examinations like ISO/IEC 20000, ISO/IEC 27000, ITIL®, MOF, ASL, BiSL, TMap®, EXIN plays an important role in the development of international qualification standards. Each exam successfully completed will lead to an internationally recognized EXIN certificate. EXIN exams are available in 15 languages. All EXIN exams are independent, internationally recognized and based on competencies and job roles, IT-standards, best practices and frameworks. In addition to separate IT exams, EXIN offers qualification programs. These consist of learning tracts with exams that complement each other well in practice.
EXIN develops educational standards for all major areas in ICT in close cooperation with international partners in the IT industry. These close links with professionals in the field have put EXIN in an excellent position to keep track of actual best practices.
EXIN certification helps you to:
• Strengthen your skills and improve your job performance
• Update your knowledge in the field of your choice
• Prove your competencies to your employer and customers all over the world
• Qualify for jobs that require specialized knowledge
• Launch a fulfilling new career and stay competitive
• Receive recognition from both the industry and your peers
The benefits to the business include:
• Increased customer satisfaction
• Better use of human resources
• Proven quality of your IT staff
• Specific knowledge and skills needed to perform an IT job successfully
• Measuring the effectiveness of training programs
• Incentives, rewards and challenges for employees
http://www.test104.com/en/products/44.html
EC-Council Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/EC-Council/
The International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultant (EC-Council) offers e-Business certification for professionals seeking specialized knowledge and advancement in career opportunities in e-business and security. The EC-Council certification exams validate the knowledge of e-business professionals to create the most appropriate e-Business solution for business enterprises.
EC-Council certifications are designed to provide the foundation needed by every Electronic Commerce and Security Professional. EC-Council curriculum provides broad range of skills and knowledge needed to build and manage an organization's networking and security operations and to effectively utilize various resources to achieve operation excellence.
• EC-Council certifications are vendor neutral certifications that are accepted as industry standard for e-business and security related jobs.
• EC-Council certifications are helpful for professionals who have knowledge in maintaining networks to expand their skills to the network security domain.
• EC-Council certified professionals can practice and conduct security testing in organizations accredited by EC-Council
• EC-Council certifications are globally recognized and help you to get a suitable job anywhere in the world.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/21.html
The International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultant (EC-Council) offers e-Business certification for professionals seeking specialized knowledge and advancement in career opportunities in e-business and security. The EC-Council certification exams validate the knowledge of e-business professionals to create the most appropriate e-Business solution for business enterprises.
EC-Council certifications are designed to provide the foundation needed by every Electronic Commerce and Security Professional. EC-Council curriculum provides broad range of skills and knowledge needed to build and manage an organization's networking and security operations and to effectively utilize various resources to achieve operation excellence.
• EC-Council certifications are vendor neutral certifications that are accepted as industry standard for e-business and security related jobs.
• EC-Council certifications are helpful for professionals who have knowledge in maintaining networks to expand their skills to the network security domain.
• EC-Council certified professionals can practice and conduct security testing in organizations accredited by EC-Council
• EC-Council certifications are globally recognized and help you to get a suitable job anywhere in the world.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/21.html
Dell Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/Dell/
DCSE Certification
The Dell Certified Systems Expert Program is designed for technicians that install and service Dell products.
Certified Technician Benefits
- Allows technicians to validate their technical knowledge through self study, self assessments and examinations covering all Dell product lines.
- Improve their installation, troubleshooting, repair, and restore skills for Dell products
http://www.test104.com/en/products/42.html
DCSE Certification
The Dell Certified Systems Expert Program is designed for technicians that install and service Dell products.
Certified Technician Benefits
- Allows technicians to validate their technical knowledge through self study, self assessments and examinations covering all Dell product lines.
- Improve their installation, troubleshooting, repair, and restore skills for Dell products
http://www.test104.com/en/products/42.html
CWSP Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CWSP/
The CWSP (Certified Wireless Security Professional) certification will advance your career by ensuring you have the skills to successfully secure wireless networks from hackers.
CWSP is an advanced level wireless LAN certification for the CWNP Program.
Benefits of CWSP Certification
•According to CertMag's 2007 Salary Survey, CWSPs earn an average of $87,310
•Puts you in demand as a top security professional
•Teaches you how to secure your network data from hackers
•Offers a career differentiator, with enhanced credibility and marketability
•Rewards you with tremendous earning potential
Candidate must hold a valid CWNA certification
CWSP certifications are valid for three years. To recertify, either pass the current PW0-200 exam, or obtain CWNE Certification.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
The CWSP (Certified Wireless Security Professional) certification will advance your career by ensuring you have the skills to successfully secure wireless networks from hackers.
CWSP is an advanced level wireless LAN certification for the CWNP Program.
Benefits of CWSP Certification
•According to CertMag's 2007 Salary Survey, CWSPs earn an average of $87,310
•Puts you in demand as a top security professional
•Teaches you how to secure your network data from hackers
•Offers a career differentiator, with enhanced credibility and marketability
•Rewards you with tremendous earning potential
Candidate must hold a valid CWNA certification
CWSP certifications are valid for three years. To recertify, either pass the current PW0-200 exam, or obtain CWNE Certification.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
CWNE Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CWNE/
The CWNE (Certified Wireless Network Expert) credential is the final step in the CWNP Program. By successfully completing the CWNE requirements, you will have demonstrated that you have the most advanced skills available in today's wireless LAN market.
CWNE assures that you have mastered all relevant skills to administer, install, configure, troubleshoot, and design wireless network systems. Protocol analysis, intrusion detection and prevention, performance and QoS analysis, spectrum analysis and management, and advanced design are some of the areas of expertise you will need to know.
Benefits of CWNE Certification
•According to our Salary Survey, CWNEs earn an average of $96,000
•Be recognized as one of the top experts in wireless
•Prove you have mastered all aspects of wireless LANs
•Have greater opportunities in the field of wireless
To earn the CWNE certification, the following requirements must be met:
1. Pass The Appropriate Exams
2. Professional Experience
3. Three Letters of Endorsement
4. 60 Points in the CWNE Points Schedule
5. Continuing Education Requirement
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
The CWNE (Certified Wireless Network Expert) credential is the final step in the CWNP Program. By successfully completing the CWNE requirements, you will have demonstrated that you have the most advanced skills available in today's wireless LAN market.
CWNE assures that you have mastered all relevant skills to administer, install, configure, troubleshoot, and design wireless network systems. Protocol analysis, intrusion detection and prevention, performance and QoS analysis, spectrum analysis and management, and advanced design are some of the areas of expertise you will need to know.
Benefits of CWNE Certification
•According to our Salary Survey, CWNEs earn an average of $96,000
•Be recognized as one of the top experts in wireless
•Prove you have mastered all aspects of wireless LANs
•Have greater opportunities in the field of wireless
To earn the CWNE certification, the following requirements must be met:
1. Pass The Appropriate Exams
2. Professional Experience
3. Three Letters of Endorsement
4. 60 Points in the CWNE Points Schedule
5. Continuing Education Requirement
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
CWNA Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CWNA/
The CWNA (Certified Wireless Network Administrator) certification is a foundation level wireless LAN certification for the CWNP Program. Your CWNA certification will get you started in your wireless career by ensuring you have the skills to successfully administer enterprise-class wireless LANs.
Benefits of CWNA Certification
•According to CertMag's 2007 Salary Survey, CWNAs earn an average of $78,000 (U.S.)
•Opens the door to wireless networking opportunities in the enterprise
•Offers a career differentiator, with enhanced credibility and marketability
•Shows that you are a technical leader with the ability to successfully implement wireless solutions for your organization or client
•Keeps your skills ahead of the curve in the rapidly changing field of networking
No prerequisites
CWNA certifications are valid for three years. To recertify, either pass the current PW0-104 exam, or pass either exam PW0-200 or PW0-300.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
The CWNA (Certified Wireless Network Administrator) certification is a foundation level wireless LAN certification for the CWNP Program. Your CWNA certification will get you started in your wireless career by ensuring you have the skills to successfully administer enterprise-class wireless LANs.
Benefits of CWNA Certification
•According to CertMag's 2007 Salary Survey, CWNAs earn an average of $78,000 (U.S.)
•Opens the door to wireless networking opportunities in the enterprise
•Offers a career differentiator, with enhanced credibility and marketability
•Shows that you are a technical leader with the ability to successfully implement wireless solutions for your organization or client
•Keeps your skills ahead of the curve in the rapidly changing field of networking
No prerequisites
CWNA certifications are valid for three years. To recertify, either pass the current PW0-104 exam, or pass either exam PW0-200 or PW0-300.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
CWNP Certifications
http://www.test104.com/en/CWNP-Certification-Products/
CWNP exams measure your ability to perform specific real-world job functions and provide a valid and reliable measure of technical proficiency and expertise with wireless LANs.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
CWNP exams measure your ability to perform specific real-world job functions and provide a valid and reliable measure of technical proficiency and expertise with wireless LANs.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/33.html
CompTIA Security+
http://www.test104.com/en/Security/
For experienced security professionals, the CompTIA Security+ exam covers system security, network infrastructure, cryptography, assessments and audits.
The CompTIA Security+ certification designates knowledgeable professionals in the field of security, one of the fastest-growing fields in IT. Security threats are increasing in number and severity, and the gap between the need for security professionals and qualified IT personnel is the largest of any IT specialty, according to a 2008 CompTIA study. Even in a troubled economy, most businesses plan to maintain or increase their investment in security.
CompTIA Security+ is an international, vendor-neutral certification that proves competency in system security, network infrastructure, access control and organizational security. Major organizations that employ CompTIA Security+ certified staff include Booz Allen Hamilton, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola, Symantec, Telstra, Hitachi, Ricoh, Lockheed Martin, Unisys, Hilton Hotels Corp., General Mills, the U.S. Navy, Army, Air Force and Marines.
Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA Security+ candidates have at least two years of technical networking experience, with an emphasis on security. The CompTIA Network+ certification is also recommended.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For experienced security professionals, the CompTIA Security+ exam covers system security, network infrastructure, cryptography, assessments and audits.
The CompTIA Security+ certification designates knowledgeable professionals in the field of security, one of the fastest-growing fields in IT. Security threats are increasing in number and severity, and the gap between the need for security professionals and qualified IT personnel is the largest of any IT specialty, according to a 2008 CompTIA study. Even in a troubled economy, most businesses plan to maintain or increase their investment in security.
CompTIA Security+ is an international, vendor-neutral certification that proves competency in system security, network infrastructure, access control and organizational security. Major organizations that employ CompTIA Security+ certified staff include Booz Allen Hamilton, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola, Symantec, Telstra, Hitachi, Ricoh, Lockheed Martin, Unisys, Hilton Hotels Corp., General Mills, the U.S. Navy, Army, Air Force and Marines.
Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA Security+ candidates have at least two years of technical networking experience, with an emphasis on security. The CompTIA Network+ certification is also recommended.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA Project+ Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/Project/
For project managers, the CompTIA Project+ certification covers the entire process of project management, including initiation, planning, execution, acceptance, support and closure.
CompTIA Project+ is a globally recognized project management certification that identifies qualified and quality project managers.
The CompTIA Project+ certification is an international, vendor-neutral certification that covers the entire project life cycle from initiation and planning through execution, acceptance, support and closure. CompTIA Project+ gives project managers the skills necessary to complete projects on time and within budget, and creates a common project management language among project team members.
CDW requires CompTIA Project+ in certain positions, and it is recommended for project managers at Alltel, Dell, Ricoh and the U.S. Dept. of State.
Unlike some project management certifications, CompTIA Project+ can be earned quickly and cost-effectively. There are no prerequisites, and candidates are not required to submit an application or complete additional hours of continuing education.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For project managers, the CompTIA Project+ certification covers the entire process of project management, including initiation, planning, execution, acceptance, support and closure.
CompTIA Project+ is a globally recognized project management certification that identifies qualified and quality project managers.
The CompTIA Project+ certification is an international, vendor-neutral certification that covers the entire project life cycle from initiation and planning through execution, acceptance, support and closure. CompTIA Project+ gives project managers the skills necessary to complete projects on time and within budget, and creates a common project management language among project team members.
CDW requires CompTIA Project+ in certain positions, and it is recommended for project managers at Alltel, Dell, Ricoh and the U.S. Dept. of State.
Unlike some project management certifications, CompTIA Project+ can be earned quickly and cost-effectively. There are no prerequisites, and candidates are not required to submit an application or complete additional hours of continuing education.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA Network+ Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/Network/
For networking professionals, the CompTIA Network+ exam covers managing, maintaining, troubleshooting, operating and configuring basic network infrastructure.
The CompTIA Network+ certification is the sign of a competent networking professional. It is an international, vendor-neutral certification that proves a technician’s competency in managing, maintaining, troubleshooting, installing and configuring basic network infrastructure.
Since its introduction in 1999, more than 235,000 people have become CompTIA Network+ certified. Microsoft includes CompTIA Network+ in their Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) program, and other corporations such as Novell, Cisco and HP also recognize CompTIA Network+ as part of their certification tracks.
Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA Network+ candidates have at least nine months of experience in network support or administration or academic training, along with a CompTIA A+ certification.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For networking professionals, the CompTIA Network+ exam covers managing, maintaining, troubleshooting, operating and configuring basic network infrastructure.
The CompTIA Network+ certification is the sign of a competent networking professional. It is an international, vendor-neutral certification that proves a technician’s competency in managing, maintaining, troubleshooting, installing and configuring basic network infrastructure.
Since its introduction in 1999, more than 235,000 people have become CompTIA Network+ certified. Microsoft includes CompTIA Network+ in their Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) program, and other corporations such as Novell, Cisco and HP also recognize CompTIA Network+ as part of their certification tracks.
Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA Network+ candidates have at least nine months of experience in network support or administration or academic training, along with a CompTIA A+ certification.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA Linux+ Certification
For experienced Linux professionals, the CompTIA Linux+ exam covers user administration, file permissions, software configurations and the fundamental management of Linux systems.
The CompTIA Linux+ certification is recognized throughout the industry as a benchmark certification for professionals who work with open-source platforms.
CompTIA Linux+ is a vendor-neutral certification, generic across distributions, targeted to individuals with a minimum of six to 12 months of practical Linux experience. The CompTIA Linux+ exam covers fundamental management of Linux systems from the command line, user administration, file permissions, software configuration and management of Linux-based clients.
Oracle and Novell recognize CompTIA Linux+ in certain certification tracks, and it is recommended for Hitachi Electronics and Fujitsu Japan employees.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
The CompTIA Linux+ certification is recognized throughout the industry as a benchmark certification for professionals who work with open-source platforms.
CompTIA Linux+ is a vendor-neutral certification, generic across distributions, targeted to individuals with a minimum of six to 12 months of practical Linux experience. The CompTIA Linux+ exam covers fundamental management of Linux systems from the command line, user administration, file permissions, software configuration and management of Linux-based clients.
Oracle and Novell recognize CompTIA Linux+ in certain certification tracks, and it is recommended for Hitachi Electronics and Fujitsu Japan employees.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA CTT+ Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CTT/
For technical instructors, the CompTIA CTT+ exam covers classroom preparation, presentation, communication, facilitation and evaluation in both traditional classroom and virtual classroom environments.
The CompTIA Certified Technical Trainer (CTT+) certification identifies excellent and dedicated industry instructors.
CompTIA CTT+ is an international, vendor-neutral certification that covers core instructor skills, including preparation, presentation, communication, facilitation and evaluation in both a classroom and virtual classroom environment. Adobe, Dell, Microsoft, Novell and Ricoh recommend that their trainers be CompTIA CTT+ certified. The Training Associates also look for CompTIA CTT+ certification when hiring trainers.
All candidates must take the CompTIA CTT+ Essentials exam, and at least one of the two designations: Classroom Trainer or Virtual Classroom Trainer. Candidates will need to supply a video or recording of their classroom or virtual classroom sessions.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For technical instructors, the CompTIA CTT+ exam covers classroom preparation, presentation, communication, facilitation and evaluation in both traditional classroom and virtual classroom environments.
The CompTIA Certified Technical Trainer (CTT+) certification identifies excellent and dedicated industry instructors.
CompTIA CTT+ is an international, vendor-neutral certification that covers core instructor skills, including preparation, presentation, communication, facilitation and evaluation in both a classroom and virtual classroom environment. Adobe, Dell, Microsoft, Novell and Ricoh recommend that their trainers be CompTIA CTT+ certified. The Training Associates also look for CompTIA CTT+ certification when hiring trainers.
All candidates must take the CompTIA CTT+ Essentials exam, and at least one of the two designations: Classroom Trainer or Virtual Classroom Trainer. Candidates will need to supply a video or recording of their classroom or virtual classroom sessions.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA A+ Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CompTIA-A/
For entry-level IT technicians, the CompTIA A+ exam covers preventative maintenance, basic networking, installation, troubleshooting, communication and professionalism.
The CompTIA A+ certification is the industry standard for computer support technicians. The international, vendor-neutral certification proves competence in areas such as installation, preventative maintenance, networking, security and troubleshooting. CompTIA A+ certified technicians also have excellent customer service and communication skills to work with clients.
CompTIA A+ is part of the certification track for corporations such as Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco and Novell. Other technology companies, including CompuCom and Ricoh, have made CompTIA A+ certification mandatory for their service technicians. More than 700,000 people worldwide have become CompTIA A+ certified since the program’s inception in 1993.
The latest version of CompTIA A+ is CompTIA A+ 2009 Edition. Two exams are necessary to be certified: CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam code 220-701; and CompTIA A+ Practical Application, exam code 220-702.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For entry-level IT technicians, the CompTIA A+ exam covers preventative maintenance, basic networking, installation, troubleshooting, communication and professionalism.
The CompTIA A+ certification is the industry standard for computer support technicians. The international, vendor-neutral certification proves competence in areas such as installation, preventative maintenance, networking, security and troubleshooting. CompTIA A+ certified technicians also have excellent customer service and communication skills to work with clients.
CompTIA A+ is part of the certification track for corporations such as Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco and Novell. Other technology companies, including CompuCom and Ricoh, have made CompTIA A+ certification mandatory for their service technicians. More than 700,000 people worldwide have become CompTIA A+ certified since the program’s inception in 1993.
The latest version of CompTIA A+ is CompTIA A+ 2009 Edition. Two exams are necessary to be certified: CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam code 220-701; and CompTIA A+ Practical Application, exam code 220-702.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA A+ Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CompTIA-A/
For entry-level IT technicians, the CompTIA A+ exam covers preventative maintenance, basic networking, installation, troubleshooting, communication and professionalism.
The CompTIA A+ certification is the industry standard for computer support technicians. The international, vendor-neutral certification proves competence in areas such as installation, preventative maintenance, networking, security and troubleshooting. CompTIA A+ certified technicians also have excellent customer service and communication skills to work with clients.
CompTIA A+ is part of the certification track for corporations such as Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco and Novell. Other technology companies, including CompuCom and Ricoh, have made CompTIA A+ certification mandatory for their service technicians. More than 700,000 people worldwide have become CompTIA A+ certified since the program’s inception in 1993.
The latest version of CompTIA A+ is CompTIA A+ 2009 Edition. Two exams are necessary to be certified: CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam code 220-701; and CompTIA A+ Practical Application, exam code 220-702.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
For entry-level IT technicians, the CompTIA A+ exam covers preventative maintenance, basic networking, installation, troubleshooting, communication and professionalism.
The CompTIA A+ certification is the industry standard for computer support technicians. The international, vendor-neutral certification proves competence in areas such as installation, preventative maintenance, networking, security and troubleshooting. CompTIA A+ certified technicians also have excellent customer service and communication skills to work with clients.
CompTIA A+ is part of the certification track for corporations such as Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco and Novell. Other technology companies, including CompuCom and Ricoh, have made CompTIA A+ certification mandatory for their service technicians. More than 700,000 people worldwide have become CompTIA A+ certified since the program’s inception in 1993.
The latest version of CompTIA A+ is CompTIA A+ 2009 Edition. Two exams are necessary to be certified: CompTIA A+ Essentials, exam code 220-701; and CompTIA A+ Practical Application, exam code 220-702.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CompTIA/
CompTIA is the IT industry’s largest developer of vendor-neutral IT certification exams. Our certifications are recognized worldwide as a trusted indicator of qualified and competent professionals in the IT industry. Since establishing our certification program in 1993, more than 1 million people have earned a CompTIA certification.
For individuals, attaining certifications means increased job security, additional career opportunities and increased credibility in the workplace. For businesses, hiring certified workers means higher customer satisfaction, increased productivity and lower employee turnover.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CompTIA is the IT industry’s largest developer of vendor-neutral IT certification exams. Our certifications are recognized worldwide as a trusted indicator of qualified and competent professionals in the IT industry. Since establishing our certification program in 1993, more than 1 million people have earned a CompTIA certification.
For individuals, attaining certifications means increased job security, additional career opportunities and increased credibility in the workplace. For businesses, hiring certified workers means higher customer satisfaction, increased productivity and lower employee turnover.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/32.html
CIW Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CIW/
The CIW certification program validates job-role skills competency for entry-level job seekers and seasoned professionals alike. Candidates can earn CIW certifications in various Information Technology (IT) job roles, from the foundational CIW Associate certification, continuing to CIW Professional specialization certifications, and up to advanced-level Master CIW certifications.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/11.html
The CIW certification program validates job-role skills competency for entry-level job seekers and seasoned professionals alike. Candidates can earn CIW certifications in various Information Technology (IT) job roles, from the foundational CIW Associate certification, continuing to CIW Professional specialization certifications, and up to advanced-level Master CIW certifications.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/11.html
IBM Cognos Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/Cognos-Certificate/
The IBM Cognos Certification Program provides an industry standard technical competence benchmark and validation for professionals working with Cognos technology. The program provides a way for professionals to demonstrate their competence in a competitive marketplace and leverage their IBM Cognos Business Intelligence and Performance Management solutions with confidence.
IBM Cognos Certification is the only authorized accreditation in the industry for benchmarking and validating Cognos expertise.
Benefits of certification for professionals include:
• Demonstrated professional credibility as a certified Cognos practitioner
• Professional advantage derived from validation
• Enhanced career advancement and opportunities
• Increased self-sufficiency with Cognos technology
http://www.test104.com/en/products/57.html
The IBM Cognos Certification Program provides an industry standard technical competence benchmark and validation for professionals working with Cognos technology. The program provides a way for professionals to demonstrate their competence in a competitive marketplace and leverage their IBM Cognos Business Intelligence and Performance Management solutions with confidence.
IBM Cognos Certification is the only authorized accreditation in the industry for benchmarking and validating Cognos expertise.
Benefits of certification for professionals include:
• Demonstrated professional credibility as a certified Cognos practitioner
• Professional advantage derived from validation
• Enhanced career advancement and opportunities
• Increased self-sufficiency with Cognos technology
http://www.test104.com/en/products/57.html
Citrix Certification
http://www.test104.com/en/CITRIX/
From application, server and desktop virtualization to application networking, Citrix solutions focus on the most innovative IT technologies. These technologies address critical IT challenges and help organizations reduce costs, mobilize global employees and improve performance. As organizations seek employees with expertise in virtualization and networking fields, Citrix credentials provide a strong competitive advantage in today's job market.
Citrix certification can help your resume rise to the top, and make you a candidate for the hottest, new careers in IT!
The Citrix certification program is organized into three levels of certification, which are based on job roles: Administrator Series, Engineer Series, Architect Series. Specific credentials for application virtualization, server virtualization, application networking and desktop virtualization are available.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/22.html
From application, server and desktop virtualization to application networking, Citrix solutions focus on the most innovative IT technologies. These technologies address critical IT challenges and help organizations reduce costs, mobilize global employees and improve performance. As organizations seek employees with expertise in virtualization and networking fields, Citrix credentials provide a strong competitive advantage in today's job market.
Citrix certification can help your resume rise to the top, and make you a candidate for the hottest, new careers in IT!
The Citrix certification program is organized into three levels of certification, which are based on job roles: Administrator Series, Engineer Series, Architect Series. Specific credentials for application virtualization, server virtualization, application networking and desktop virtualization are available.
http://www.test104.com/en/products/22.html
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